3,200-Year-Old Egyptian Tablet Records Excuses for Why People Missed Work: “The Scorpion Bit Him,” “Brewing Beer” & More

Image via The British Muse­um 

We mar­vel today at what we con­sid­er the won­ders of ancient Egypt, but at some point, they all had to have been built by peo­ple more or less like our­selves. (This pre­sumes, of course, that you’ve ruled out all the myr­i­ad the­o­ries involv­ing super­nat­ur­al beings or aliens from out­er space.) Safe to say that, when­ev­er in human his­to­ry work has been done, work has been skipped, espe­cial­ly when that work is per­formed by large groups. It would’ve tak­en great num­bers indeed to build the pyra­mids, but even less colos­sal­ly scaled tombs could­n’t have been built alone. And when a tomb-builder took the day off, he need­ed an excuse suit­able to be writ­ten in stone — on at any rate, on stone.

“Ancient Egypt­ian employ­ers kept track of employ­ee days off in reg­is­ters writ­ten on tablets,” writes Madeleine Muz­dakis at My Mod­ern Met. One such arti­fact “held by the British Muse­um and dat­ing to 1250 BCE is an incred­i­ble win­dow into ancient work-life bal­ance.” Called ostra­ca, these tablets were made of “flakes of lime­stone that were used as ‘notepads’ for pri­vate let­ters, laun­dry lists, records of pur­chas­es, and copies of lit­er­ary works,” accord­ing to Egyp­tol­o­gist Jen­nifer Bab­cock.

Dis­cov­ered along with thou­sands of oth­ers in the tomb builder’s vil­lage of Deir el-Med­i­na, this par­tic­u­lar ostra­con, on view at the British Muse­um’s web site, offers a rich glimpse into the lives of that trade’s prac­ti­tion­ers. Over the 280-day peri­od cov­ered by this 3,200-year-old ostra­con, com­mon excus­es for absence include “brew­ing beer” and “his wife was bleed­ing.”

Beer, Muz­dakis explains, “was a dai­ly for­ti­fy­ing drink in Egypt and was even asso­ci­at­ed with gods such as Hathor. As such, brew­ing beer was a very impor­tant activ­i­ty.” And alarm­ing though that “bleed­ing” may sound, the ref­er­ence is to men­stru­a­tion: “Clear­ly men were need­ed on the home front to pick up some slack dur­ing this time. While one’s wife men­stru­at­ing is not an excuse one hears nowa­days, cer­tain­ly the ancients seem to have had a sim­i­lar work-life jug­gling act to per­form.” Most of us today pre­sum­ably have it eas­i­er than did the aver­age ancient Egypt­ian labor­er, or even arti­san. Depend­ing on where you live, maybe you, too, could call in sick to work with the excuse of hav­ing been bit­ten by a scor­pi­on. But how well would it fly if you were to plead the need to feast, to embalm your broth­er, or to make an offer­ing to a god?

via My Mod­ern Met

Relat­ed con­tent:

A 4,000-Year-Old Stu­dent ‘Writ­ing Board’ from Ancient Egypt (with Teacher’s Cor­rec­tions in Red)

Try the Old­est Known Recipe For Tooth­paste: From Ancient Egypt, Cir­ca the 4th Cen­tu­ry BC

An Ancient Egypt­ian Home­work Assign­ment from 1800 Years Ago: Some Things Are Tru­ly Time­less

A 3,000-Year-Old Painter’s Palette from Ancient Egypt, with Traces of the Orig­i­nal Col­ors Still In It

The Turin Erot­ic Papyrus: The Old­est Known Depic­tion of Human Sex­u­al­i­ty (Cir­ca 1150 B.C.E.)

Won­ders of Ancient Egypt: A Free Online Course from the Uni­ver­si­ty of Penn­syl­va­nia

Based in Seoul, Col­in Mar­shall writes and broad­casts on cities, lan­guage, and cul­ture. His projects include the Sub­stack newslet­ter Books on Cities, the book The State­less City: a Walk through 21st-Cen­tu­ry Los Ange­les and the video series The City in Cin­e­ma. Fol­low him on Twit­ter at @colinmarshall or on Face­book.


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Comments (12)
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  • Ben says:

    What?? No Com­ments yet? And this has been out there for sev­er­al months? I am HIGHLY dis­ap­point­ed at the inter­net…

  • Gerard says:

    If you have noth­ing seri­ous to com­ment.. .

    Inter­est­ing arti­cle, but a major­i­ty might have ques­tions or thoughts why do we need to leave them here.

  • anon says:

    “We mar­vel today at what we con­sid­er the won­ders of ancient Egypt, but at some point, they all had to have been built by peo­ple more or less like our­selves. (This pre­sumes, of course, that you’ve ruled out all the myr­i­ad the­o­ries involv­ing super­nat­ur­al beings or aliens from out­er space.) Safe to say that, when­ev­er in human his­to­ry work has been done, work has been skipped, espe­cial­ly when that work is per­formed by large groups.” this part does not make sense, since the only bleed­ing or hav­ing excus­es is not just humane? may be those exuces were blong to aliens? actu­al­ly bet­ter, it is also pos­si­ble that some time trav­el­ers worked on the site? maybe?

  • Gurney says:

    “win­dow into ancient work-life bal­ance.”

    No. The term is work/life bal­ance. See the slash? That’s what you use when there are two sides to some­thing. There’s work on one side, and life on the oth­er. Thus the slash.

    Sim­i­lar­ly there’s “win/win.” This is used because it stands in con­trast to the usu­al out­come of any con­test: win/lose. You’ll see igno­rant ref­er­ences to “win-win,” which don’t make any sense. WTF is a “win-win?”

    Slash­es: They’re not that hard.

  • Tramp says:

    Get a grip.

  • Yanny says:

    Yo Gur­ney! Thanks for the punc­tu­a­tion les­son. Are you a copy edi­tor? If not, you should be! How­ev­er, have you con­sid­ered that Open­Cul­ture might have its own style guide that Col­in needs to adhere to when writ­ing?

    Notic­ing poten­tial errors is a great skill to have, but as you may have dis­cov­ered, the inter­net is full of them — being a com­ment sec­tion’s res­i­dent pedant would get pret­ty time-con­sum­ing and may well cause you to be late for your own job (way less inter­est­ing than brew­ing beer, imo). Three thou­sand years from now, this is how peo­ple will remem­ber you! ;)

  • SRR says:

    It’s just that some things are pre­served. I just can’t imag­ine what else peo­ple did, that we do not do any­more, and which aren’t pre­served. Were peo­ple always divid­ed into kings and ordi­nary folks ?

  • Martin says:

    “Most of us today pre­sum­ably have it eas­i­er than did the aver­age ancient Egypt­ian labor­er”
    I would­n’t go as far as claim­ing this is false, but we have to be care­ful with cer­tain assump­tions we make about the past. For instance, peo­ple in the Mid­dle Ages had about 150 free days per year, due to (farm) work being sea­son­al and the obser­vance of many reli­gious hol­i­days. I’m not say­ing they had it bet­ter. But they did have a LOT more days where they did­n’t have to report to a boss — the “life” in “work-life bal­ance” (using a hyphen for all the pedants out there).

  • Buster says:

    The Egypt­ian sock reminds me of the Japan­ese Tabi sock, used in the same man­ner as this Egypt­ian, due to the need to wear­ing the wood­en geta thong between the toes.

  • Mr Paul says:

    Your post explores the poten­tial of lever­ag­ing the shar­ing econ­o­my and plat­forms that facil­i­tate peer-to-peer trans­ac­tions for mak­ing mon­ey. It’s a reflec­tion of chang­ing con­sumer behav­iors. For more infor­ma­tion.

  • Ms Ursa says:

    Nev­er fails. Rit­u­al embalm­ing always runs over­time.
    Espe­cial­ly in scor­pi­on sea­son ; )..

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