Leo Tolstoy Creates a List of the 50+ Books That Influenced Him Most (1891)

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War and PeaceAnna Karen­i­naThe Death of Ivan Ilyich — many of us have felt the influ­ence, to the good or the ill of our own read­ing and writ­ing, of Leo Tol­stoy. But whose influ­ence did Leo Tol­stoy feel the most? As luck would have it, we can give you chap­ter and verse on this, since the nov­el­ist drew up just such a list in 1891, which would have put him at age 63.

A Russ­ian pub­lish­er had asked 2,000 pro­fes­sors, schol­ars, artists, and men of let­ters, pub­lic fig­ures, and oth­er lumi­nar­ies to name the books impor­tant to them, and Tol­stoy respond­ed with this list divid­ed into five ages of man, with their actu­al degree of influ­ence (“enor­mous,” “v. great,” or mere­ly “great”) not­ed.

It comes as some­thing of a rar­i­ty, up to now only avail­able tran­scribed in a post at Northamp­ton, Mass­a­chu­setts’ Val­ley Advo­cate:

WORKS WHICH MADE AN IMPRESSION

Child­hood to the age of 14 or so

The sto­ry of Joseph from the Bible — Enor­mous

Tales from The Thou­sand and One Nights: the 40 Thieves, Prince Qam-al-Zaman — Great

The Lit­tle Black Hen by Pogorel­sky - V. great

Russ­ian byliny: Dobrynya Nikitich, Ilya Muromets, Alyosha Popovich. Folk Tales — Enor­mous

Puskin’s poems: Napoleon — Great

Age 14 to 20

Matthew’s Gospel: Ser­mon on the Mount — Enor­mous

Sterne’s Sen­ti­men­tal Jour­ney — V. great

Rousseau Con­fes­sions — Enor­mous

Emile — Enor­mous

Nou­velle Héloise — V. great

Pushkin’s Yevge­ny One­gin — V. great

Schiller’s Die Räu­ber — V. great

Gogol’s Over­coat, The Two Ivans, Nevsky Prospect — Great

“Viy” [a sto­ry by Gogol] — Enor­mous

Dead Souls — V. great

Turgenev’s A Sportsman’s Sketch­es — V. great

Druzhinin’s Polin­ka Sachs — V. great

Grigorovich’s The Hap­less Anton — V. great

Dick­ens’ David Cop­per­field — Enor­mous

Lermontov’s A Hero for our Time, Taman — V. great

Prescott’s Con­quest of Mex­i­co — Great

Age 20 to 35

Goethe. Her­mann and Dorothea — V. great

Vic­tor Hugo. Notre Dame de Paris — V. great

Tyutchev’s poems — Great

Koltsov’s poems — Great

The Odyssey and The Ili­ad (read in Russ­ian) — Great

Fet’s poems — Great

Plato’s Phae­do and Sym­po­sium (in Cousin’s trans­la­tion) — Great

Age 35 to 50

The Odyssey and The Ili­ad (in Greek) — V. great

The byliny — V. great

Vic­tor Hugo. Les Mis­érables — Enor­mous

Xenophon’s Anaba­sis — V. great

Mrs. [Hen­ry] Wood. Nov­els — Great

George Eliot. Nov­els — Great

Trol­lope, Nov­els — Great

Age 50 to 63

All the Gospels in Greek — Enor­mous

Book of Gen­e­sis (in Hebrew) — V. great

Hen­ry George. Progress and Pover­ty — V. great

[Theodore] Park­er. Dis­course on reli­gious sub­ject — Great

[Fred­er­ick William] Robertson’s ser­mons — Great

Feuer­bach (I for­get the title; work on Chris­tian­i­ty) [“The Essence of Chris­tian­i­ty”] — Great

Pascal’s Pen­sées — Enor­mous

Epicte­tus — Enor­mous

Con­fu­cius and Men­cius — V. great

On the Bud­dha. Well-known French­man (I for­get) [“Lali­ta Vis­tara”] — Enor­mous

Lao-Tzu. Julien [S. Julien, French trans­la­tor] — Enor­mous

The writer at the Val­ley Advo­cate, a Tol­stoy afi­ciona­do, came across the list by sheer hap­pen­stance. “On my way to work, I found some­thing just for me in a box of cast-off books on a side­walk,” they write: a biog­ra­phy of Tol­stoy with “some­thing cool­er inside”: a “yel­lowed and frag­ile New York Times Book Review clip­ping” from 1978 con­tain­ing the full list as Tol­stoy wrote it. “Gold,” in oth­er words, “for this wannabe Tol­stoy schol­ar.” If you, too count your­self among the ranks of wannabe Tol­stoy schol­ars — or indeed cre­den­tialed Tol­stoy schol­ars — you’ll no doubt find more than a few intrigu­ing selec­tions here. And if you sim­ply admire Tol­stoy, well, get to read­ing: learn not how to make the same things your idols made, I often say, but to think how they thought. Not that any of us have time to write War and Peace these days any­way, though with luck, we do still have time to read it — along with The Thou­sand and One Nights, David Cop­per­field, The Odyssey, and so on. Many of these works you can find in our col­lec­tion, 800 Free eBooks for iPad, Kin­dle & Oth­er Devices.

Look­ing for free, pro­fes­­sion­al­­ly-read audio books from Audible.com? Here’s a great, no-strings-attached deal. If you start a 30 day free tri­al with Audible.com, you can down­load two free audio books of your choice. Get more details on the offer here.

Relat­ed Con­tent:

Rare Record­ing: Leo Tol­stoy Reads From His Last Major Work in Four Lan­guages, 1909

Vin­tage Footage of Leo Tol­stoy: Video Cap­tures the Great Nov­el­ist Dur­ing His Final Days

The Com­plete Works of Leo Tol­stoy Online: New Archive Will Present 90 Vol­umes for Free (in Russ­ian)

Leo Tolstoy’s Fam­i­ly Recipe for Mac­a­roni and Cheese

David Bowie’s List of Top 100 Books

18 (Free) Books Ernest Hem­ing­way Wished He Could Read Again for the First Time

Neil deGrasse Tyson Lists 8 (Free) Books Every Intel­li­gent Per­son Should Read

Col­in Mar­shall hosts and pro­duces Note­book on Cities and Cul­ture and writes essays on cities, lan­guage, Asia, and men’s style. He’s at work on a book about Los Ange­les, A Los Ange­les Primer. Fol­low him on Twit­ter at @colinmarshall or on Face­book.


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Comments (16)
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  • JayPhilipGuerero says:

    Willl def­i­nite­ly check out some of these. Real­ly cool list of Tol­stoy’s.

  • kesavan says:

    Thanks for this very infor­ma­tive web­site.

    Lion K K Kesa­van Salem South India

  • Ehsan Butt says:

    Strange Koran is not men­tioned while we fre­quent­ly read in lit­er­a­ture Leo Tol­stoy com­ment­ing on the con­tents of the Koran , Qur’an e.g. see

    “After I have read the Quran, I real­ized that all what human­i­ty needs is this heav­en­ly law.” — Leo Tol­stoy

    “The leg­is­la­tion of Quran will spread all over the world, because it agrees with the mind, log­ic and wis­dom.” – Leo Tol­stoy

  • M. Emin Kasapgil says:

    It is obvi­ous that he was deeply influ­enced by Koran and Prophet Muhammed. That you hide this info from your read­ers is not good.

  • Awais Ali says:

    I think you did­n’t read the start of this post care­ful­ly. This list was craft­ed, by none oth­er but by Leo Tol­stoy him­self. So if he did­n’t include it him­self, no oth­er man should argue over it.

  • Kim Hatton says:

    The only way to check the verac­i­ty of this list is to go very thourough­ly though Tol­stoys let­ters and jour­nals.

  • Janet Scott says:

    I’ve just got Tol­stoy’s let­ters out of the library and it is there — Octo­ber 25th !9891 :)

  • Gary says:

    I won­der what he thought of this quote from the ‘Holy’ Quran?

    4:56

    Play
    Copy
    ﮊﮋﮌﮍﮎﮏﮐﮑﮒﮓﮔﮕﮖﮗﮘﮙﮚﮛﮜﮝﮞﮟ
    SAHIH INTERNATIONAL
    Indeed, those who dis­be­lieve in Our vers­es — We will dri­ve them into a Fire. Every time their skins are roast­ed through We will replace them with oth­er skins so they may taste the pun­ish­ment. Indeed, Allah is ever Exalt­ed in Might and Wise.

    Wise??

  • Don Jiskra says:

    Not sur­prised to see Tur­genev’s A Sports­man­’s Sketch­es in this list giv­en Tol­stoy’s admi­ra­tion for the nobil­i­ty of rur­al char­ac­ters. Thank you for this list.

  • Danish Khan says:

    Yess..✌✌👍👍

  • Paul says:

    I’m very glad to see Epicte­tus (a Sto­ic philoso­pher) on the list. It has had great influ­ence on my life too, along with the works of Seneca and Mar­cus Aure­lius. I’ll val­ue it even more now, know­ing that Tol­stoy, such a great man, found it wor­thy too.

  • Richard Orange says:

    https://www.the-tls.co.uk/articles/public/restless-temperament/

    I think Rousseau and Tol­stoy were tem­pera­men­tal­ly very sim­i­lar — although Rousseau milder and less prig­gish. Con­fes­sions prob­a­bly taught the young Tol­stoy what he was and how to oper­ate.

  • Victor says:

    What caught my atten­tion is Dick­ens and Trol­lope, the great­est Eng­lish nov­el­ists of his cen­tu­ry.

  • Barbara Lang says:

    Wow!!!!! What else can one say about Tol­stoy. Read­ing Karen­i­na now. Breath­tak­ing.
    The list is fas­ci­nat­ing. I have actu­al­ly read quite a few. Not, how­ev­er in Hebrew or Greek!

  • Scruffski says:

    I expect­ed to hear men­tion of E.A.P., Re:T’s descrip­tion of Bili­b­in 3 pages into Book II, Ch. 9 which sounds Edgar­i­an, though tack­ing gen­tly away from goth­ic and more to the Baroque! (Time frame would be about right.) Any­how, there’s my two cents; also, Dos­to­evs­ki trans­lat­ed Poe, who was immense­ly pop­u­lar with the French and the Rus­sians.

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