On March 5, 1933, GerÂmany held its last demoÂcÂraÂtÂic elecÂtions until the end of WWII, and the NationÂal SocialÂists gained a pluÂralÂiÂty in the ReichÂstag, with 43.9% of the vote and 288 seats. This event paved the way for the Enabling Act latÂer that month, which effecÂtiveÂly empowÂered Hitler as dicÂtaÂtor. It would seem in hindÂsight that this turn—with all its attenÂdant vioÂlence, coerÂcion, and hysÂterÂiÂcal nationÂalÂist rhetoric—might have alarmed the WestÂern powÂers. And yet the oppoÂsite was true.
At least one newsÂman was alarmed, howÂevÂer. And on the day of the 1933 elecÂtions, he gained a brief audiÂence with the future Fuhrer. That man was CorÂnelius “Neil” VanÂderÂbilt IV, great-great-grandÂson of the railÂroad tycoon. Fed up with the malaise of his privÂiÂleged peers, VanÂderÂbilt had moved to jourÂnalÂism from his posiÂtion as a driÂver durÂing the First World War. His name gave him access to MusÂsoliÂni, StalÂin, and Hitler, whose impendÂing Reich became the subÂject of VanÂderÂbilt’s docÂuÂmenÂtary film, called Hitler’s Reign of TerÂror, released on April 30, 1934, a short porÂtion of which you can see above.
The New YorkÂer obtained the clip from BranÂdeis UniÂverÂsiÂty proÂfesÂsor Thomas DoherÂty, who redisÂcovÂered the film in a BelÂgian archive while researchÂing a recent book. Vanderbilt’s docÂuÂmenÂtary might well be the first AmerÂiÂcan anti-Nazi film, but its conÂtemÂpoÂrary recepÂtion speaks volÂumes about how critÂiÂcism of the new Nazi regime was supÂpressed in the mid-thirÂties; the film was cenÂsored across the U.S., denied a license, and banned.
What VanÂderÂbilt saw first-hand and chronÂiÂcled in his film is mild in comÂparÂiÂson to what was to come. NevÂerÂtheÂless, his take was preÂscient. He describes his anxÂious but parÂtialÂly sucÂcessÂful endeavÂor to smugÂgle footage across the GerÂman borÂder, prefÂacÂing the stoÂry by sayÂing “there isn’t monÂey enough in HolÂlyÂwood to get me to go through it again.” (The scene above is a reenÂactÂment, as is, quite obviÂousÂly, the scene of VanÂderÂbilt’s meetÂing with Hitler.) Asked about his impresÂsions of Hitler, VanÂderÂbilt has this to say:
UnquesÂtionÂably he is a man of real abilÂiÂty, of force. But the way I sized him up after interÂviewÂing him is that he is a strange comÂbiÂnaÂtion of Huey Long, BilÂly SunÂday, and Al Capone…. I had nevÂer heard a man so able to sway peoÂple.… In the hour and a half that Hitler talked to that packed audiÂence that night, he was as effecÂtive as a barkÂer in a sideshow travÂelÂing with a cirÂcus.
VanÂderÂbilt says above that the risÂing Nazi tide, “demandÂed revenge” and would not rest until they had it, to which his interÂviewÂer responds, “It all seems a ghastÂly, incredÂiÂble nightÂmare.” VanÂderÂbilt’s vision seemed like a senÂsaÂtionÂalÂisÂtic fever dream to his critÂics as well.
Read the full stoÂry of the film over at The New Yorker’s CulÂture Desk.
RelatÂed ConÂtent:
Watch LamÂbeth Walk—Nazi Style: The EarÂly ProÂpaÂganÂda Mash Up That Enraged Joseph Goebbels
The Nazis’ 10 ConÂtrol-Freak Rules for Jazz PerÂformÂers: A Strange List from World War II
The EnigÂma Machine: How Alan TurÂing Helped Break the UnbreakÂable Nazi Code
Josh Jones is a writer and musiÂcian based in WashÂingÂton, DC. FolÂlow him at @jdmagness
