Let’s prefÂace this by recallÂing that HonÂorĂ© de Balzac drank up to 50 cups of cofÂfee a day and lived to the ripe old age of … 51.
Of course, he proÂduced dozens of novÂels, plays, and short stoÂries before takÂing his leave. PerÂhaps his cafÂfeine habit had a litÂtle someÂthing to do with that?
PharÂmaÂcist Hanan Qasim’s TED-Ed primer on how cafÂfeine keeps us awake top loads the posÂiÂtive effects of the most world’s comÂmonÂly used psyÂchoacÂtive subÂstance. GlobÂal conÂsumpÂtion is equivÂaÂlent to the weight of 14 EifÂfel TowÂers, meaÂsured in drops of cofÂfee, soda, chocoÂlate, enerÂgy drinks, decaf…and that’s just humans. Insects get theirs from necÂtar, though with them, a litÂtle goes a very long, potenÂtialÂly deadÂly way.
Caffeine’s strucÂturÂal resemÂblance to the neuÂroÂtransÂmitÂter adenoÂsine is what gives it that speÂcial oomph. AdenoÂsine causÂes sleepiÂness by plugÂging into neurÂal recepÂtors in the brain, causÂing them to fire more slugÂgishÂly. CafÂfeine takes advanÂtage of their simÂiÂlar molÂeÂcÂuÂlar strucÂtures to slip into these recepÂtors, effecÂtiveÂly stealÂing adenosine’s parkÂing space.
With a bioavailÂabilÂiÂty of 99%, this interÂlopÂer arrives ready to parÂty.
On the plus side, cafÂfeine is both a menÂtal and physÂiÂcal pick me up.
In approÂpriÂate dosÂes, it can keep your mind from wanÂderÂing durÂing a late night study sesÂsion.
It lifts the body’s metaÂbolÂic rate and boosts perÂforÂmance durÂing exercise—an effect that’s easÂiÂly counÂterÂactÂed by getÂting the bulk of your cafÂfeine from chocoÂlate or sweetÂened soda, or by dumpÂing anothÂer EifÂfel Tower’s worth of sugÂar into your cofÂfee.
There’s even some eviÂdence that modÂerÂate conÂsumpÂtion may reduce the likeÂliÂhood of such disÂeases as Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, and canÂcer.
What to do when that cafÂfeine effect starts wearÂing off?
Gulp down more!
As with many drugs, proÂlonged usage diminÂishÂes the sought-after effects, causÂing its devoÂtees (or addicts, if you like) to seek out highÂer dosÂes, negÂaÂtive side effects be damned. NerÂvous jitÂters, inconÂtiÂnence, birth defects, raised heart rate and blood presÂsure… it’s a comÂpelling case for stickÂing with water.
AniÂmaÂtor Draško IvezÂić (a 3‑latÂte-a-day man, accordÂing to his studio’s webÂsite) does a hilarÂiÂous job of perÂsonÂiÂfyÂing both cafÂfeine and the humans in its thrall, parÂticÂuÂlarÂly an egg-shaped new father.
Go to TED-Ed to learn more, or test your grasp of cafÂfeine with a quiz.
RelatÂed ConÂtent:
Wake Up & Smell the CofÂfee: The New All-in-One CofÂfee-MakÂer/Alarm Clock is FinalÂly Here!
Physics & CafÂfeine: Stop Motion Film Uses a Cup of CofÂfee to Explain Key ConÂcepts in Physics
This is CofÂfee!: A 1961 TribÂute to Our Favorite StimÂuÂlant
Ayun HalÂlÂiÂday is an author, illusÂtraÂtor, theÂater makÂer and Chief PriÂmaÂtolÂoÂgist of the East VilÂlage Inky zine. FolÂlow her @AyunHalliday.