Crash Course Big History: John Green Teaches Life, the Universe & Everything

If you don’t under­stand big his­to­ry, you’ll nev­er under­stand small his­to­ry. That idea has­n’t yet attained apho­rism sta­tus, but maybe we can get it there. Last month, we fea­tured a free, Bill Gates-fund­ed short course on 13.8 bil­lion years of “Big His­to­ry”. Back in 2012, we fea­tured well-known online edu­ca­tor (and now even bet­ter-known young adult nov­el­ist) John Green’s Crash Course on World His­to­ry. Now these worlds, or rather these his­to­ries of the world, have col­lid­ed in the form of  Crash Course Big His­to­ry, a web series “in which John Green, Hank Green, and Emi­ly Graslie teach you about, well, every­thing.” In true fash­ion of the biggest pos­si­ble his­to­ry, the Crash Course crew begins at the begin­ning — the real begin­ning, the Big Bang, which the first fif­teen-minute episode gets into above.

“Mr. Green! Mr. Green!” exclaims Green at him­self, momen­tar­i­ly tak­ing on his sig­na­ture sec­ondary pushy-stu­dent per­sona. “That’s not his­to­ry, that’s sci­ence.” Return­ing to his cool-pro­fes­sor per­sona, Green lays it out for him­self: “Aca­d­e­mics often describe his­to­ry as, like, all stuff that’s hap­pened since we start­ed writ­ing things down, but they only start there because that’s where we have the best infor­ma­tion. The advent of writ­ing was a huge deal, obvi­ous­ly, but as a start date for his­to­ry, it’s total­ly arbi­trary. It’s just a line we drew in the sand and said, ‘Okay, his­to­ry begins now!’ ” In order to push that line as far back as pos­si­ble, his­to­ry must fuse with sci­ence, allow­ing the study of the past to best incor­po­rate and con­tex­tu­al­ize all it can about (and stu­dents of Green had to know he would quote Dou­glas Adams on this) “Life, the Uni­verse, and Every­thing.”

Sev­en episodes in and under­way right now, Crash Course Big His­to­ry has gone on to cov­er not just the uni­verse, but the sun and the Earth, the emer­gence of life, the epic of evo­lu­tion, and how that process pro­duced humans. Hav­ing arrived at the appear­ance of Homo sapi­ens, Green and com­pa­ny cov­er, in the fresh­ly released sev­enth episode, the process of “human­i­ty con­quer­ing the Earth. Or at least mov­ing from Africa into the rest of the Earth,” going on to reach “a crit­i­cal mass of inno­va­tors” and devel­op “col­lec­tive learn­ing.” And amid the grand sweep of plan­e­tary move­ment, evo­lu­tion, and mass migra­tion, we con­tin­ue to find new ways to col­lec­tive­ly learn all the time — of which the Crash Cours­es rep­re­sent only one par­tic­u­lar­ly enter­tain­ing vari­ety.

You can watch future Crash Course Big His­to­ry videos by fol­low­ing this playlist on Youtube. It’s also worth men­tion­ing that Bill Gates has helped fund these Crash Course videos, just as he has helped fund the larg­er Big His­to­ry Project men­tioned in our pre­vi­ous post.

Relat­ed Con­tent:

Take Big His­to­ry: A Free Short Course on 13.8 Bil­lion Years of His­to­ry, Fund­ed by Bill Gates

A Crash Course in World His­to­ry

The His­to­ry of the World in 46 Lec­tures From Colum­bia Uni­ver­si­ty

Free Down­load of The His­to­ry Man­i­festo: His­to­ri­ans New Call for Big-Pic­ture Think­ing

Down­load 78 Free Online His­to­ry Cours­es: From Ancient Greece to The Mod­ern World

Col­in Mar­shall hosts and pro­duces Note­book on Cities and Cul­ture and writes essays on cities, lan­guage, Asia, and men’s style. He’s at work on a book about Los Ange­les, A Los Ange­les Primer. Fol­low him on Twit­ter at @colinmarshall or on Face­book.

A Year in the Life of Earth’s CO2: A Striking Visualization

Dur­ing the same week when House Repub­li­cans passed a bill for­bid­ding sci­en­tists from advis­ing the EPA on its own research, NASA cli­mate sci­en­tists (coin­ci­den­tal­ly but maybe incon­ve­nient­ly) released a video doc­u­ment­ing A Year in the Life of Earth­’s CO2. Accord­ing to NASA, “The visu­al­iza­tion is a prod­uct of a sim­u­la­tion called ‘Nature Run,’ ” which “ingests real data on atmos­pher­ic con­di­tions and the emis­sion of green­house gas­es and both nat­ur­al and man-made par­tic­u­lates. The mod­el is then left to run on its own and sim­u­late the nat­ur­al behav­ior of the Earth’s atmos­phere.”  The video above visu­al­izes how car­bon diox­ide in the atmos­phere trav­eled around the globe from Jan­u­ary 2006 through Decem­ber 2006. Hope­ful­ly the take-away isn’t look at all the pret­ty col­ors. The video is in the pub­lic domain and can be down­loaded here.

To learn more about cli­mate change, see the Uni­ver­si­ty of Chicago’s course, Glob­al Warm­ing. It’s a free 23-lec­ture course pre­sent­ed by David Archer, a pro­fes­sor in the Depart­ment of The Geo­phys­i­cal Sci­ences.

Shelf Life: American Museum of Natural History Creates New Video Series on Its 33 Million Artifacts

I once spent a sum­mer as a secu­ri­ty guard at the Children’s Muse­um of Indi­anapo­lis. A won­der­ful place to vis­it, but my work­day expe­ri­ence proved dread­ful­ly dull. By far the high­light was being pulled off what­ev­er exhib­it I hap­pened to be guard­ing to assist in col­lec­tions, a cav­ernous back­stage area where untold trea­sures were shelved with­out cer­e­mo­ny. The head con­ser­va­tor con­fid­ed that many of these items would nev­er be sin­gled out for dis­play. The thrift store egal­i­tar­i­an­ism that reigned here was far more appeal­ing than the eye-catch­ing, edu­ca­tion­al sig­nage in the pub­lic area. From the obliv­ion of deep stor­age springs the poten­tial for dis­cov­ery.

How grat­i­fy­ing to learn that the 200 plus sci­en­tists employed by the Amer­i­can Muse­um of Nat­ur­al His­to­ry feel the same. As palen­tol­o­gist Mike Novacek, puts it in Shelf Life, the museum’s just launched month­ly video series:

You can make new dis­cov­er­ies in Col­lec­tions just like you can out in the field. You can walk around the cor­ner and see some­thing that no one’s quite observed that way before, describe a new species or a new fea­ture that’s impor­tant to sci­ence.

The insti­tu­tion can choose from among more than 33,430,000 good­ies, from ancient objects they’ve been care­ful­ly tend­ing for more than two cen­turies to the sam­ples of frozen tis­sue and DNA com­pris­ing the bare­ly 13-year-old Ambrose Mon­ell Cryo Col­lec­tion for Mol­e­c­u­lar and Micro­bial Research.

Gems and mete­orites!

Arrow­heads and gourds!

Ver­te­brates and inver­te­brates!

There’s tru­ly some­thing here for…

WaspsFinalFlat

Wasp enthu­si­asts (you know who you are) can thrill to the sev­en and a half mil­lion spec­i­mens in sex researcher Alfred Kinsey’s Cynip­i­dae col­lec­tion. (They’re ready for their close up, Mr. DeMille. Famous as they are, the first episode passed them over in favor of a more pho­to­genic mock bee from the genus Criorhi­na.)

Future episodes will call upon in-house ichthy­ol­o­gists, pale­on­tol­o­gists, anthro­pol­o­gists, astro­physi­cists, and her­petol­o­gists to dis­cuss such top­ics as spec­i­men prepa­ra­tion, tax­on­o­my, and cura­tion. Stay abreast (and — bonus!- cel­e­brate Nero’s birth­day with tur­tles) by sub­scrib­ing to the museum’s youtube chan­nel.

Relat­ed Con­tent:

A Panoram­ic Vir­tu­al Tour of the Smith­son­ian Nation­al Muse­um of Nat­ur­al His­to­ry

Down­load the Uni­verse: A Dis­cern­ing Cura­tor for Sci­ence eBooks

How to Make a Mum­my — Demon­strat­ed by The Get­ty Muse­um

Ayun Hal­l­i­day is an author, home­school­er, and Chief Pri­ma­tol­o­gist of the East Vil­lage Inky zine. She goes into more detail about her short-lived stint as a muse­um secu­ri­ty guard in her third book, Job Hop­per. Fol­low her @AyunHalliday

New Animated Web Series Makes the Theory of Evolution Easy to Understand

When it comes to mat­ters of broad sci­en­tif­ic con­sen­sus, I’m gen­er­al­ly inclined to offer pro­vi­sion­al assent. Like every­one else, I have to rely on the exper­tise of oth­ers in mat­ters out­side my ken, and in many cas­es, this ratio­nal appeal to author­i­ty is the best one can do with­out acquir­ing the rel­e­vant qual­i­fi­ca­tions and years of expe­ri­ence in high­ly spe­cial­ized sci­en­tif­ic fields. In the case of evo­lu­tion, I hap­pen to find the evi­dence and expla­na­tions near­ly all biol­o­gists prof­fer much more per­sua­sive than the claims—and accusations—of their most­ly unsci­en­tif­ic crit­ics. But as we know from recent sur­vey data, a very large per­cent­age of Amer­i­cans reject the the­o­ry of evo­lu­tion, at least when it comes to humans, though it’s like­ly a great many of them—like myself—do not know very much about it.

But as a layper­son with an admit­ted­ly rudi­men­ta­ry sci­ence edu­ca­tion, I’m always grate­ful for clear, sim­ple expla­na­tions of com­plex ideas. This is pre­cise­ly what we get in the video series Stat­ed Clear­ly, which har­ness­es the pow­er of web ani­ma­tion as an instruc­tion­al tool to define what the the­o­ry of evo­lu­tion is, and why it explains the observ­able facts bet­ter than any­thing else. Stat­ed Clear­ly’s tagline is “sci­ence is for every­one,” and indeed, their mis­sion “is sim­ple”: “to pro­mote the art of crit­i­cal think­ing by expos­ing peo­ple from all walks of life, to the sim­ple beau­ty of sci­ence.” The video at the top gives us a broad overview of the the­o­ry of evo­lu­tion. The ani­ma­tion just above presents the evi­dence for evo­lu­tion, or some of it any­way, in clear, com­pelling terms, draw­ing from at least two of the many inde­pen­dent lines of evi­dence. And below, we have a Stat­ed Clear­ly take on nat­ur­al selec­tion, an absolute­ly key con­cept of evo­lu­tion­ary biol­o­gy, and one reg­u­lar­ly mis­un­der­stood.

After watch­ing these three shorts, you might agree that what is “often con­sid­ered a com­plex and con­tro­ver­sial top­ic” is “actu­al­ly a very sim­ple con­cept to under­stand.” In layman’s terms, at least. In fact, artist, nar­ra­tor, and cre­ator of the series, Jon Per­ry, admits that he him­self has no for­mal sci­en­tif­ic train­ing. “He believed,” his bio states, “that if he could cre­ate just one good ani­ma­tion on his own, sci­en­tists and edu­ca­tors would real­ize the poten­tial of this project and help him cre­ate more.” And indeed they have. Stat­ed Clear­ly has a dis­tin­guished pan­el of sci­ence advis­ers and part­ners that include the Cen­ter for Chem­i­cal Evo­lu­tion, Emory Uni­ver­si­ty, Geor­gia Tech, NASA, and the Nation­al Sci­ence Foun­da­tion. Learn much more about Stat­ed Clearly’s goals and affil­i­a­tions, or lack there­of, at their web­site. And below, see the fourth video of the series, “Does the The­o­ry of Evo­lu­tion Real­ly Mat­ter?,” which address­es the prac­ti­cal, real world impli­ca­tions of evo­lu­tion­ary the­o­ry, and sci­en­tif­ic lit­er­a­cy.

Relat­ed Con­tent:

Carl Sagan Explains Evo­lu­tion in an Eight-Minute Ani­ma­tion

Watch Episode #2 of Neil deGrasse Tyson’s Cos­mos: Explains the Real­i­ty of Evo­lu­tion (US View­ers)

Richard Dawkins Makes the Case for Evo­lu­tion in the 1987 Doc­u­men­tary, The Blind Watch­mak­er

Josh Jones is a writer and musi­cian based in Durham, NC. Fol­low him at @jdmagness

The Electric Rise and Fall of Nikola Tesla: As Told by Technoillusionist Marco Tempest

A cou­ple of years back, Mar­co Tem­pest, a tech­noil­lu­sion­ist from Switzer­land, retold the life sto­ry of inven­tor Niko­la Tes­la using the prin­ci­ples of Tana­gra the­ater, a form of the­ater pop­u­lar in Europe near­ly a cen­tu­ry ago. A good descrip­tion of this for­got­ten form of the­atre is sur­pris­ing­ly hard to come by. Per­haps the best I encoun­tered comes from this aca­d­e­m­ic web site:

Tana­gra The­atres exist­ed in many Euro­pean cities in the years 1910–1920. The name comes from the fig­ures exca­vat­ed at Tana­gra in the 1890s whose name became syn­ony­mous with per­fect liv­ing minia­tures, par­tic­u­lar­ly female. The sideshow illu­sion con­sist­ed of a minia­ture stage where liv­ing actors appeared as real but tiny fig­ures, through an arrange­ment of plain and con­cave mir­rors. Its devel­op­ment as a sideshow attrac­tion came about as a by-prod­uct of research into opti­cal instru­ments which could bet­ter sus­tain the per­cep­tion of depth. The use of con­cave mir­rors has a long his­to­ry in mag­ic but for the Tana­gra the stronger light of elec­tric­i­ty was essen­tial.

In his pre­sen­ta­tion, Tem­pest takes the con­cepts of Tana­gra to a whole new lev­el, com­bin­ing pro­jec­tion map­ping and intri­cate pop-up art. As you watch the show, you might find your­self intrigued as much by the method as by the sto­ry itself. If that’s the case, you will want to watch the “behind-the-scenes” video below. Tem­pest also gave his pre­sen­ta­tion at TED. You can watch it here.

Relat­ed Con­tent:

 Thomas Edi­son and Niko­la Tes­la Face Off in “Epic Rap Bat­tles of His­to­ry”

Elec­tric Pho­to of Niko­la Tes­la, 1899

Free Com­ic Books Turns Kids Onto Physics: Start With the Adven­tures of Niko­la Tes­la

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How Wolves Change Rivers

In nature, every­thing is con­nect­ed — con­nect­ed in ways you might not expect. The short video above is nar­rat­ed by George Mon­biot, an Eng­lish writer and envi­ron­men­tal­ist, who now con­sid­ers him­self a “rewil­d­ing cam­paign­er.” The con­cept of rewil­d­ing and how it can save ecosys­tems in gen­er­al, and how wolves changed Yel­low­stone Nation­al Park in par­tic­u­lar, is some­thing Mon­biot explains in greater detail in his 2013 TED Talk below, and in his new book — Fer­al: Search­ing for Enchant­ment on the Fron­tiers of Rewil­d­ing.

Relat­ed Con­tent:

Envi­ron­ment & Nat­ur­al Resources: Free Online Cours­es

E.O. Wilson’s Life on Earth Released as a Free eBook and Free Course on iTunes

How Cli­mate Change Is Threat­en­ing Your Dai­ly Cup of Cof­fee

New Google-Pow­ered Site Tracks Glob­al Defor­esta­tion in ‘Near-Real-Time’

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Woman Takes LSD in 1956: “I’ve Never Seen Such Infinite Beauty in All My Life,” “I Wish I Could Talk in Technicolor”

A decade before tens of thou­sands turned on, tuned in, and dropped out at the Human Be-In in Gold­en Gate Park, psy­chi­a­trist Sid­ney Cohen was inves­ti­gat­ing the effects of LSD on human con­scious­ness. If his vol­un­tary sub­jects at LA’s Vet­er­an’s Admin­is­tra­tion Hos­pi­tal found them­selves sud­den­ly able to “see the music” a la Lizard Queen Lisa Simp­son, they did so in a very respectable-seem­ing, mid-1950s set­ting.

Wit­ness this ses­sion with the polite young wife of a hos­pi­tal employ­ee, above. She’s a bit ner­vous, but not because of any media-fueled pre­con­cep­tions regard­ing the trip she’s about to take. It was 1956, and anoth­er of Dr. Cohen’s guinea pigs, pub­lish­er Hen­ry Luce, had yet to regale the pub­lic with some of acid’s more col­or­ful prop­er­ties via mul­ti­ple arti­cles in both Time and Life mag­a­zines.

As such, our uniden­ti­fied par­tic­i­pant is as pure as the glass of water she’s served at the one minute mark. Pur­er, actu­al­ly, giv­en that the drink has been dosed with 1/10th of a mil­ligram Lyser­gic acid diethy­lamide.

Three hours fur­ther along, she’s trip­ping her brains out, still seat­ed demure­ly in the same chair in which her intake inter­view was con­duct­ed. Had it been filmed 20 years lat­er, her rev­e­la­tions would seem trite, but the con­text ren­ders them endear­ing. If she’s bummed out about any­thing, it’s that the nice doc­tor ques­tion­ing her about her mind blow­ing jour­ney isn’t able to see the mol­e­cules too.

I’d love to know what became of her.

Cohen con­tin­ued observ­ing LSD, with sub­jects as cel­e­brat­ed as writer Aldous Hux­ley, philoso­pher Ger­ald Heard and Bill Wil­son, co-founder of Alco­holics Anony­mous. He pub­lished his find­ings in The Beyond With­in: the LSD Sto­ry. His ulti­mate take­away was that ”beat­nik micro­cul­ture”  destroyed LSD’s chances for achiev­ing its poten­tial as a psy­chother­a­py tool.

This may be why we nev­er hear him urg­ing his sub­ject to check out the drapes, which is sure­ly what sev­er­al young men of my acquain­tance would have resort­ed to, back in the day.

David Lynch-style aus­ter­i­ty of the set­ting aside, per­haps such coach­ing was unnec­es­sary. What­ev­er this woman’s brain had her see­ing, it made her want to “talk in tech­ni­col­or.”

May I sug­gest that we’re just as delu­sion­al if we assume that some­one who could be described as a 1950s “house­wife” must have inhab­it­ed  a world we can only per­ceive in black-and-white?

via Reason.com

Relat­ed Con­tent:

Artist Draws Nine Por­traits on LSD Dur­ing 1950s Research Exper­i­ment

Watch The Bicy­cle Trip: An Ani­ma­tion of The World’s First LSD Trip in 1943

Ken Kesey’s First LSD Trip Ani­mat­ed

Ayun Hal­l­i­day is an author, home­school­er, and Chief Pri­ma­tol­o­gist of the East Vil­lage Inky zine. Fol­low her @AyunHalliday

Swedish Scientists Sneak Bob Dylan Lyrics Into Their Academic Publications For Last 17 Years

Sci­en­tists who study and write about intesti­nal gases—just like the rest of us, I guess—find it hard to resist the occa­sion­al fart joke. And when they’re John Jund­berg and Eddie Weitzberg, two pro­fes­sors at the Karolin­s­ka Insti­tute in Stock­holm, they can’t resist couch­ing their occa­sion­al fart joke in a Bob Dylan lyric, part of a now sev­en­teen-year tra­di­tion among five Swedish sci­en­tists who’ve been slip­ping Dylan lyrics into their pub­li­ca­tions, wager­ing on who can fit the most in before retire­ment.

It all began with Jund­berg and Weitzberg’s “Nitric oxide and inflam­ma­tion: the answer is blow­ing in the wind,” pub­lished in the jour­nal Nature Med­i­cine in 1997. (See Dylan play the paper’s inspi­ra­tion above in 1963.) Next came arti­cles like “Blood on the tracks: a sim­ple twist of fate” by Kon­stan­ti­nos Meletis and Jonas Frisen and “Tan­gled up in blue: Mol­e­c­u­lar car­di­ol­o­gy in the post­mol­e­c­u­lar era” by Ken­neth Chien.

The five aren’t the only sci­en­tists who try to spice up dry research pub­li­ca­tions with word­play. “If you read oth­er sci­en­tif­ic arti­cles,” ways Weitzberg, “you’ll find peo­ple try­ing to be clever in dif­fer­ent ways.” But they don’t do so at the expense of the sci­ence, or their careers: “We’re not talk­ing about sci­en­tif­ic papers—we could have got in trou­ble for that-but rather arti­cles we have writ­ten about research by oth­ers, book intro­duc­tions, edi­to­ri­als and things like that.”

The writer with the most Dylan ref­er­ences gets lunch in a restau­rant in Sol­na, a town north of Stock­holm. But thanks to inter­est from out­lets like the Wash­ing­ton Post, he may also get a few extra min­utes of fame. Weitzberg’s response? “I would much rather become famous for my sci­en­tif­ic work than for my Bob Dylan quotes, but yes, I am enjoy­ing this!”

via The Local

Relat­ed Con­tent:

Phys­i­cal Attrac­tion: Mar­riage Pro­pos­al Comes in the Form of a Physics Paper

Fake Bob Dylan Sings Real Dr. Seuss

Stu­dent Rick­rolls Teacher By Sneak­ing Rick Ast­ley Lyrics into Quan­tum Physics Paper

Josh Jones is a writer and musi­cian based in Durham, NC. Fol­low him at @jdmagness.

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