100 Photographs that Changed the World

Dig­i­tal Jour­nal­ist, a web site affil­i­at­ed with the Uni­ver­si­ty of Texas, has post­ed 100 world-chang­ing pho­tographs by the icon­ic LIFE mag­a­zine. You can read the intro­duc­tion to the col­lec­tion here, or start with the first pow­er­ful image and then advance through a sam­pling of the oth­er impact-filled images that topped their list.

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The Psychology of Evil: The Stanford Prison Experiment to Abu Ghraib

Back in 1971, Philip Zim­bar­do, a Stan­ford psy­chol­o­gy pro­fes­sor, set up an exper­i­ment that quick­ly and now famous­ly went awry. Here, Zim­bar­do had under­grad­u­ates play the role of pris­on­ers and prison guards in a mock prison envi­ron­ment. Meant to last two weeks, the exper­i­ment was cut short after only six days when, as The Stan­ford Prison Exper­i­ment web site puts it, the guards “became sadis­tic and [the] pris­on­ers became depressed and showed signs of extreme stress.” For Zim­bar­do, the way things played out says a lot about what hap­pens when good, aver­age peo­ple are put in bad sit­u­a­tions. And it speaks to how tor­ture sce­nar­ios, like those at Abu Ghraib, become pos­si­ble. (For more on the par­al­lels between the prison exper­i­ment and the tor­ture in Iraq, you may want to check out Zim­bar­do’s recent video-cap­tured talk at Google­plex.

Below, we’ve post­ed a video that offers a quick ver­sion, with orig­i­nal footage, of how the prison exper­i­ment went down. If you’re inter­est­ed in under­stand­ing what he calls the “Lucifer Effect,” the title of his new book (which, by the way, was just reviewed by Martha Nuss­baum in the Times Online), then it’s worth your time.

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Deadhead Hunter and Dirty Hairy

Catch the full col­lec­tion of ani­mat­ed New York­er car­toons here on YouTube and our per­son­al favorite here.

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How Radiohead’s Experiment Turned Out

radiohead.jpgIn mid-Octo­ber, Radio­head released its lat­est album, In Rain­bows, and began a fair­ly nov­el exper­i­ment. They cut the record labels out of the equa­tion and let fans down­load the album direct­ly from the Radio­head web site, for what­ev­er price they saw fit. A few weeks lat­er, some finan­cial fig­ures are com­ing out, giv­ing us a sense of how well the exper­i­ment went.

Accord­ing to a study by com­Score Inc., 62% of the esti­mat­ed 1.2 mil­lion vis­i­tors (in Octo­ber) to the Radio­head site down­loaded the album and paid noth­ing what­so­ev­er. The remain­ing 38% paid an aver­age of $6. Over­all, the band aver­aged $2.26 per down­load and net­ted about $2.7 mil­lion dol­lars in total, a num­ber that’s well below the ear­li­er esti­mates of $6-$10 mil­lion. In the end, it’s impor­tant to remem­ber that the band gets to keep all the rev­enue (instead of shar­ing it with the record com­pa­nies), and appar­ent­ly the traf­fic to Radio­head­’s web site gen­er­at­ed hand­some incre­men­tal sales of high-priced dis­cbox­es. It’s esti­mat­ed that for every $1 spent on dig­i­tal down­loads, anoth­er $2 was spent on hard copies, which makes Radio­head­’s over­all take even high­er. What con­clu­sions to draw? One is that Radio­head fans did­n’t exact­ly deliv­er the goods and demon­strate the pow­er of this new direct dis­tri­b­u­tion mod­el. It may have worked mod­er­ate­ly well for Radio­head. But will a less­er band take the risk? Not so like­ly. At least not now.

A quick PS: It looks like Radio­head is plan­ning to do its first web­cast in five years. Watch for more infor­ma­tion here.

Source: com­Score press release and blog

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America’s Endless Capacity to Reward Failure

Please God give me the luck to enter the upper echelons of the American elite — the upper, upper crust where normal rules don’t apply, where illogic reigns, where failure doesn’t have consequences, only out-sized rewards. Please give me the luck to fail splendidly one day (even to bring a major company or a nation itself to near ruin) and yet get nothing less than the platinum parachute that a lucky few deserve:

  • Stan O’Neal, CEO of Mer­ill Lynch, recent­ly led the bank to take a $7.9 bil­lion write-down because of bad deals in the sub-prime mar­ket, result­ing in a $2.3 bil­lion loss, the worst loss in 93 years for Mer­rill. As he began to feel the heat, O’Neal secret­ly start­ed look­ing to sell the bank to Wachovia, a deal that could have per­son­al­ly net­ted him an esti­mat­ed $250 mil­lion. Instead, the board of direc­tors oust­ed him last week and he got to walk with $161.5 mil­lion in secu­ri­ties and retire­ment ben­e­fits, the fifth-largest exit-pay pack­age for a U.S. exec­u­tive. It’s good to be the king.
  • As the sub­prime mort­gage mar­ket melt­ed down this sum­mer, James Cayne, the chief exec­u­tive of Bear Stearns, was nowhere to be found. In this midst of the cri­sis, two of the bank’s hedge funds col­lapsed. But, accord­ing to The Wall Street Jour­nal, Cayne was out of town for ten days and incom­mu­ni­ca­do. No cell­phone. No Black­ber­ry. Noth­ing. Where was he? Play­ing in a bridge tour­na­ment in Nashville (and it’s alleged by the Jour­nal that he has a pen­chant for smok­ing pot at such tour­na­ments). For­tu­nate­ly, his team placed in the top third of the com­pe­ti­tion, and he gets to keep his high­ly lucra­tive job. In the mean­time, Cayne let War­ren Spec­tor, the com­pa­ny’s Pres­i­dent, take the fall. And Bear just announced that it’s lay­ing off 2% of its work­force. It’s good to be the king.
  • Don Rums­feld, the for­mer Sec­re­tary of Defense, used the Iraq War as a prov­ing ground for his the­o­ries about how the US army should fight the mod­ern war and defend itself against the unknown and the unex­pect­ed. Rums­feld’s mantra was to keep the armies small, mobile and high-tech. And that’s what we did for four years in Iraq, despite mount­ing evi­dence that we had too few troops on the ground. Rums­feld, who could nev­er adjust his the­o­ries to the real­i­ties in Iraq (see this piece in the Armed Forces Jour­nal), even­tu­al­ly got forced out, leav­ing behind a mess that will con­sume the US for a decade or more. What’s the fall­out? Months lat­er, Rums­feld gets Stan­ford’s seal of approval. In Sep­tem­ber, Stan­ford’s Hoover Insti­tu­tion announced that he will join as a “dis­tin­guished vis­it­ing fel­low” where he will par­tic­i­pate on a task force of schol­ars and experts focus­ing on “issues per­tain­ing to ide­ol­o­gy and ter­ror” in a post 9–11 envi­ron­ment. It’s pre­cise­ly the same flawed vision that land­ed the US in a deep hole that the Stan­ford-affil­i­at­ed think tank is choos­ing to hon­or. Once again, it’s good to be the king.

Amen.

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Listening to Poetry Online

shakespearenew2.jpgToday, we have a guest fea­ture from Don from Clas­sic Poet­ry Aloud (iTunes — Feed — Web Site), which offers a great line­up of poet­ry pod­casts. They have just kicked off a week ded­i­cat­ed to war poet­ry, which includes pieces by Shake­speare, Coleridge and Melville, among oth­ers. Below, Don offers a very help­ful sur­vey of the poet­ry pod­cast land­scape and helps us see why pod­cast­ing might be the per­fect medi­um for spark­ing a renais­sance in poet­ry. Take it away Don…

Short, intense and often emo­tion­al pieces of writ­ing penned for the human ear: poems could have been invent­ed for pod­casts. It’s no sur­prise, then, that poet­ry read­ing pod­casts have sprung up like daisies this year.

Most are the aur­al equiv­a­lent of blogs, telling the inti­mate sto­ries of the poet, and often about as inter­est­ing. Some, though, are ded­i­cat­ed to read­ing oth­ers’ poet­ry, and they are worth vis­it­ing for a reg­u­lar, short piece of writ­ing that will almost always stim­u­late thought and feel­ing – and if it doesn’t, well, you’ve prob­a­bly only wast­ed the few min­utes it takes to read a poem.

Clas­sic Poet­ry Aloud (Tunes Feed Web Site)), my own pod­cast, is ded­i­cat­ed to any­thing in the Eng­lish lan­guage which is over 70 years old. Exper­i­men­tal­ly, this week (Nov 4 – 11) is War Poet­ry Week, fea­tur­ing poems from Samuel Coleridge and Her­man Melville as well as Wil­fred Owen and Shake­speare. It’s an attempt to take lis­ten­ers on a week-long jour­ney from the first rumours of war (on Mon­day 5th) through to remem­ber­ing the dead (on Sun­day 11th, Remem­brance day in the UK).

Most poet­ry pod­casts don’t deal exclu­sive­ly with the past, how­ev­er. On the excel­lent Poet­ry Off the Shelf (iTunes — Feed — Web Site), from the Poet­ry Foun­da­tion, you’ll find the smooth-toned Cur­tis Fox inter­view­ing con­tem­po­rary poets about their works, and hav­ing them read and inter­pret a poem or two. It’s won­der­ful­ly pro­duced and Fox’s intel­li­gent, self-dep­re­cat­ing style puts both this guests and his lis­ten­ers at ease. Oth­er pod­casts, such as MiPO­ra­dio (iTunes — Feed — Web Site), fol­low the same interview/reading for­mat.

Cloudy Day Art (iTunes — Feed — Web Site) sim­i­lar­ly involves inter­views, most recent­ly with for­mer US Poet Lau­re­ate Ted Koos­er, but with a dif­fer­ent focus. A home-pro­duced show by Wash­ing­ton DC res­i­dent Will Brown, the aim is to draw out of those he inter­views thoughts, tips and advice for those who, like the ever-enthu­si­as­tic Will him­self, are writ­ing poet­ry, for pub­li­ca­tion or just for them­selves.

One pod­cast focus­es pure­ly on Shakespeare’s son­nets, and is read by a man describ­ing him­self as “some guy from New York” (iTunes — Feed — Web Site). The shtick on this pod­cast is that the read­er was ordered to read the son­nets as some form of com­mu­ni­ty ser­vice or face the prospect of prison. I’m not sure I quite believe this – the inter­pre­ta­tions are too good, and the atti­tude too laid-on. None of this detracts from what is, though, an enter­tain­ing and intel­li­gent lis­ten­ing expe­ri­ence.

For pure sim­plic­i­ty, and no atti­tude, I sub­scribe to Clarica’s Poet­ry Moment (iTunes — Feed — Web Site), which gives me what I want: a clear female voice read­ing a wide range of poet­ry, with no fuss, just a sense of plea­sure in the mean­ing and the sound of the words.

In this reac­tion, I am a reg­u­lar poet­ry pod­cast lis­ten­er: all com­ments I’ve read on my own, and oth­er sites show reac­tion to all this spo­ken poet­ry to be over­whelm­ing­ly pos­i­tive, and some­times deeply emo­tion­al. Peo­ple love to hear the poem come off the page, whether they are a recep­tion­ist in Hol­land, study­ing for their Eng­lish Lit­er­a­ture exams at high school in Scot­land, or learn­ing Eng­lish in the Far East. It’s won­der­ful to sense the world being brought togeth­er through the medi­um of the poet­ry pod­cast. Some­times it almost seems that tech­nol­o­gy has enabled the oral tra­di­tion to be reborn.

For more poems and nov­els, please vis­it our Audio­book Pod­cast Col­lec­tion and if you want to guest blog, get in touch.

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The Nine Minute Sopranos

The pop­u­lar inter­net video, The Sev­en Minute Sopra­nos, has now been updat­ed to include the last sea­son of the hit HBO series. This means that you can get all six sea­sons (or 86 episodes) sum­ma­rized in a speedy nine min­utes. Watch below.

(P.S. HBO has just pub­lished The Sopra­nos: The Com­plete Book. Fans will want to take a look.)

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The Godfather Without Brando?: It Almost Happened

It’s hard to imag­ine The God­fa­ther, the icon­ic 1972 film, with­out Mar­lon Bran­do. But that’s almost how it turned out.

Dur­ing cast­ing, Para­mount exec­u­tives orig­i­nal­ly pushed for Lau­rence Olivi­er. But when he could­n’t take the film, and when the direc­tor, Fran­cis Ford Cop­po­la, asked them to con­sid­er Bran­do, they ini­tial­ly respond­ed: “Mar­lon Bran­do will nev­er appear in this motion pic­ture.” Below, Cop­po­la and co-star James Caan explain how the execs were even­tu­al­ly cajoled into chang­ing their minds, and how film his­to­ry fell into place. As you watch this, also keep in mind that Para­mount orig­i­nal­ly asked two oth­er direc­tors to make The God­fa­ther before approach­ing Cop­po­la, and they lat­er want­ed Robert Red­ford or Ryan O’Neal to play Michael Cor­leone. But Cop­po­la, who threat­ened to quit pro­duc­tion, even­tu­al­ly got his way and put the rel­a­tive­ly unknown Al Paci­no into the film.

FYI: Best Week Ever has a good post on the Top 10 Actor / Direc­tor Tandems In Movie His­to­ry.

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Where to Get Online Music For Free

Head over to Wired and you’ll find a “How-To Wiki” that lists web sites where you can stream or down­load music online for free. As you’ll see, Wired is not shy about admit­ting what it’s try­ing to accom­plish here. The wiki page is called “Cheat the Music Indus­try: Nev­er Pay for Music.”

To access more online music, vis­it Life­hack­er’s guide to find­ing free music on the web, and peruse our col­lec­tion of free music pod­casts.

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Watching Wikipedia Get Written in Real Time

The cre­ativ­i­ty asso­ci­at­ed with Wikipedia nev­er ends. If you click here, a pro­gram called Wikipedi­aV­i­sion will show you a Google map that dis­plays in real time who is writing/editing what Wikipedia entry across the globe. Cool mashup. (Source: The New Scientist.com)

Relat­ed Con­tent:

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Learning Mandarin for Free Online

Chi­na is on the upswing polit­i­cal­ly and eco­nom­i­cal­ly. Accord­ing to Gold­man Sachs, Chi­na’s econ­o­my may out­size every oth­er econ­o­my (except that of the U.S.) by 2016, and it could even sur­pass the Amer­i­can econ­o­my by 2039. Giv­en this, the hottest lan­guage being stud­ied right now by busi­ness trav­el­ers is Man­darin (see this New York Times piece). And, in my work at Stan­ford, we’re see­ing a very sharp increase in young and old stu­dents enrolling in Man­darin cours­es (and oth­er Chi­na-focused cours­es), for both per­son­al and pro­fes­sion­al rea­sons.

Learn­ing Man­darin can be cost­ly — some orga­ni­za­tions charge $2500 for a week-long course — but it does­n’t have to be. More rea­son­ably, you can pur­chase CD-Roms that will sys­tem­at­i­cal­ly teach you Man­darin at home, when your sched­ule per­mits, for a much more rea­son­able price (about $200). Roset­ta Stone offers one good exam­ple. Or you can do it even more cheap­ly, if not for free, with the help of pod­casts.

As you’ll see, there’s no short­age of Man­darin lan­guage lessons, and we invite you to peruse the list below. Of all of them, two tend to get par­tic­u­lar­ly high marks from users. The first is called Chi­nese Lessons with Serge Mel­nyk (iTunes — Feed — Web Site). Put togeth­er by an Eng­lish speak­er who stud­ied Man­darin Chi­nese for almost 20 years (and who has lived in Bei­jing and Shang­hai for 12 years), the free pod­cast cur­rent­ly offers 90 lessons that last between 20 and 30 min­utes. A sec­ond option, which users also give pos­i­tive feed­back, is Chinesepod.com (iTunes — Feed — Web Site). Pro­duced by native speak­ers, these dai­ly audio pod­casts, each run­ning 10–20 min­utes in length, will immerse you in col­lo­qui­al (read: use­ful) Man­darin. Impres­sive­ly, you can now find 100 pieces of audio in Chi­ne­se­pod’s large archive. While both of these pod­casts are free, each offers addi­tion­al learn­ing resources for a rea­son­able fee (though it appears that you can get by with­out them).

For more Chi­nese lessons, please vis­it our col­lec­tion: Learn Lan­guages for Free: Span­ish, Eng­lish, Chi­nese & Beyond

  • Chi­nese Learn Online iTunes Feed Web Site
    • A dia­logue-based intro­duc­tion to Man­darin Chi­nese. Load them on your iPod and get up the Chi­nese curve.
  • Chi­nese Lessons with Serge Mel­nyk iTunes Feed Web Site
    • Week­ly lessons in Man­darin that get very strong reviews from iTunes users.
  • Chinesepod.com iTunes Feed Web Site
    • A series of well-reviewed lessons that will let you learn Man­darin on your own terms.
  • iMandarinPod.com iTunes Feed Web Site
    • A more advanced pod­cast, this series of lessons teach­es Chi­nese by talk­ing about Chi­nese cul­ture or what is hap­pen­ing today in Chi­na.
  • LearnChinesePod.com iTunes Feed Web Site
    • A Man­darin lan­guage pod­cast taught by Yao in New York City.
  • Man­darin Chi­nese Con­ver­sa­tion iTunes Web Site
    • A lan­guage series put togeth­er by TimesOn­line.
  • Man­darin Chi­nese Feed Web Site
    • 10 Lessons by the US Peace Corps. Make sure you vis­it the site and down­load the pdf that accom­pa­nies the lessons.
  • Sur­vival Chi­nese iTunes Feed Web Site
    • Learn the phras­es you need to get by while trav­el­ing in Chi­na.
  • World Learn­er Chi­nese iTunes Feed Web Site
    • Anoth­er in the mix of pos­si­bil­i­ties.

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