How the Bird Sound Effects in Alfred Hitchcock’s The Birds Were Created with a Pioneering Electronic Instrument, the Trautonium

Alfred Hitch­cock­’s The Birds was nom­i­nat­ed for an Acad­e­my Award for Best Spe­cial Effects, though view­ers raised on more recent Hol­ly­wood spec­ta­cles would hard­ly find its mech­a­nized and opti­cal­ly print­ed avian attack­ers con­vinc­ing. Still, the pic­ture as a whole has retained its eerie, omi­nous pow­er over the last six decades, and a decent amount of the cred­it for that goes to an aspect that has­n’t dat­ed at all: its non-musi­cal “score” by the ear­ly elec­tron­ic com­pos­er Oskar Sala. Many of the threat­en­ing bird calls on the sound­track were actu­al­ly played by Sala on a device called the Mix­tur-Trau­to­ni­um, a pre-syn­the­siz­er orches­tral elec­tron­ic instru­ment of which he was­n’t just the undis­put­ed mas­ter, but the only play­er in exis­tence.

After his accep­tance into the Berlin Con­ser­va­to­ry in 1929, Sala came into con­tact with the Trau­to­ni­um, which had recent­ly been invent­ed by one Dr. Friedrich Trautwein. Inspired to more deeply under­stand the prin­ci­ples behind the nascent tech­nol­o­gy of elec­tron­ic music, and to fur­ther it, he went on to study physics at the Uni­ver­si­ty of Berlin in the mid-nine­teen-thir­ties.

This posi­tioned him well to devel­op new mod­els of Trau­to­ni­um, a series that cul­mi­nat­ed in 1948 with the Mix­tur-Trau­to­ni­um, which, unlike Trautwein’s mono­phon­ic orig­i­nal, could sound mul­ti­ple voic­es at once. The instru­ment proved ver­sa­tile, and indeed com­mer­cial: any Ger­man who grew up in the nine­teen-fifties will remem­ber its sounds from tele­vi­sion adver­tise­ments.

The chance to work on The Birds, by far Sala’s most wide­ly heard sound­track work, “pre­sent­ed itself when a for­mer class­mate of Sala who worked at Uni­ver­sal Stu­dios in Hol­ly­wood heard that Hitch­cock want­ed syn­thet­i­cal­ly pro­duced bird sounds for his next movie,” says Google Arts & Cul­ture. “Hitch­cock, who delib­er­ate­ly want­ed to avoid cre­at­ing tra­di­tion­al movie music, even flew to Sala’s record­ing stu­dio in Berlin where he was impressed by the sounds made by the Trau­to­ni­um, which ulti­mate­ly pro­duced all the movie’s sound effects.” In col­lab­o­ra­tion with fel­low pio­neer­ing elec­tron­ic com­pos­er Remi Gassmann, Sala pro­duced a ver­i­ta­ble storm of not just avian shrieks and cack­les, but also the harsh swirl of the ele­ments and the creaks and groans of fail­ing man-made infra­struc­ture. Or at least that’s what movie­go­ers may imag­ine hear­ing in a sound­track that often verges on the oth­er­world­ly, even the abstract — and Hitch­cock knew that the imag­i­na­tion is the place from which real fear aris­es.

Relat­ed Con­tent:

Alfred Hitch­cock Explains the Dif­fer­ence Between Sus­pense & Sur­prise: Give the Audi­ence Some Infor­ma­tion & Leave the Rest to Their Imag­i­na­tion

5 Hours of Free Alfred Hitch­cock Inter­views: Dis­cov­er His The­o­ries of Film Edit­ing, Cre­at­ing Sus­pense & More

Watch “Bells of Atlantis,” an Exper­i­men­tal Film with Ear­ly Elec­tron­ic Music Fea­tur­ing Anaïs Nin (1952)

Daphne Oram Cre­at­ed the BBC’s First-Ever Piece of Elec­tron­ic Music (1957)

The Scores That Elec­tron­ic Music Pio­neer Wendy Car­los Com­posed for Stan­ley Kubrick’s A Clock­work Orange and The Shin­ing

Hear the Evo­lu­tion of Elec­tron­ic Music: A Son­ic Jour­ney from 1929 to 2019

Based in Seoul, Col­in Marshall writes and broad­casts on cities, lan­guage, and cul­ture. He’s the author of the newslet­ter Books on Cities as well as the books 한국 요약 금지 (No Sum­ma­riz­ing Korea) and Kore­an Newtro. Fol­low him on the social net­work for­mer­ly known as Twit­ter at @colinmarshall.


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