Hear 2.5‑Hours of Great Jazz Songs Featured in Woody Allen Films: Sidney Bechet in Midnight in Paris, Louis Armstrong in Stardust Memories & More

It takes no great research pains to find out that Woody Allen loves jazz. He scores most of his movies with the music, nev­er fail­ing to include it at least under their sig­na­ture sim­ple black-and-white open­ing titles. He has worked jazz as a theme into some of the films them­selves, most notably Sweet and Low­down, the sto­ry of a dis­solute 1930s jazz gui­tarist who heads for Hol­ly­wood. He plays the clar­inet him­self, tour­ing with his jazz band as seen in the doc­u­men­tary Wild Man Blues. He makes no secret of his admi­ra­tion for fel­low clar­inetist (and also sax­o­phon­ist) Sid­ney Bechet, after whom he named one of his daugh­ters.

Allen has pub­licly dis­cussed a dream project called Amer­i­can Blues, a movie about the very begin­ning of jazz in New Orleans seen through the careers of Bechet and Louis Arm­strong. He acknowl­edges that a sto­ry of that scale would require a far larg­er bud­get than the more mod­est films he makes just about every year, and so, in light of the unlike­li­hood of his com­mand­ing that bud­get, he has evi­dent­ly con­tent­ed him­self with infus­ing the work that does come out with as much jazz as pos­si­ble. You can hear almost two and a half hours of it in the Youtube playlist at the top of this post, which includes cuts from not just Bechet and Arm­strong but from Tom­my Dorsey, Bil­lie Hol­i­day, Djan­go Rein­hardt, Glenn Miller, Lester Young, Jel­ly Roll Mor­ton, and many oth­er respect­ed play­ers from pre­war and wartime Amer­i­ca. You can find a list of the songs fea­tured in the jazz playlist, com­plete with time­stamps, in the blurb beneath this YouTube clip.

Even apart from what film schol­ars would call the non-diegetic jazz in Allen’s pic­tures (i.e., the jazz we hear on the score, but the char­ac­ters them­selves pre­sum­ably don’t) he also includes some diegetic jazz, as in the end­ing of Star­dust Mem­o­ries, when Allen’s char­ac­ter puts on a Louis Arm­strong record. And isn’t now just the right time to revis­it the sequence from Mid­night in Paris just above, a mon­tage cel­e­brat­ing life in the City of Lights set to Sid­ney Bechet’s â€śSi tu vois ma mère”? After that, have a look at the clip below, in which the man him­self plays with the Woody Allen and Eddy Davis New Orleans Jazz Band at New York’s Cafe Car­lyle — where you can catch them every Mon­day night through Decem­ber 14th.

Relat­ed Con­tent:

Woody Allen Tells a Clas­sic Joke About Hem­ing­way, Fitzger­ald & Gertrude Stein in 1965: A Pre­cur­sor to Mid­night in Paris

Woody Allen Lists the Great­est Films of All Time: Includes Clas­sics by Bergman, Truf­faut & Felli­ni

Watch an Exu­ber­ant, Young Woody Allen Do Live Stand Up on British TV (1965)

Watch a 44-Minute Super­cut of Every Woody Allen Stam­mer, From Every Woody Allen Film

Haru­ki Murakami’s Pas­sion for Jazz: Dis­cov­er the Novelist’s Jazz Playlist, Jazz Essay & Jazz Bar

1959: The Year that Changed Jazz

Col­in Mar­shall writes else­where on cities, lan­guage, Asia, and men’s style. He’s at work on a book about Los Ange­les, A Los Ange­les Primer, the video series The City in Cin­e­maand the crowd­fund­ed jour­nal­ism project Where Is the City of the Future? Fol­low him on Twit­ter at @colinmarshall or on Face­book.

Masterpieces of Western Art with All Gluten Products Removed: See Works by Dalí, Cézanne, Van Gogh & Others

Gluten Free Museum

left: Johannes Ver­meer, The Milk­maid. right: Arthur Coulet, d’après Johannes Ver­meer

It has been sug­gest­ed plau­si­bly that Ver­meer’s kitchen maid is mak­ing bread por­ridge, which puts stale bread—there is an unusu­al amount of bread on the table—to good use by com­bin­ing it with milk and a few oth­er ingre­di­ents to make a fill­ing mash or meal. 

Wal­ter Liedtke, Depart­ment of Euro­pean Paint­ings,  The Met­ro­pol­i­tan Muse­um of Art

It’s a mat­ter for con­jec­ture. Per­haps Ver­meer want­ed to title his paint­ing The Bread Por­ridge Maid, but caved to mar­ket research sug­gest­ing that Milk­maid would bet­ter appeal to what Liedtke calls “male view­er’s amorous mus­ings.”

Recent­ly, graph­ic artist Arthur Coulet made bread a focal point in Vermeer’s Milk­maid and oth­er icon­ic works, iron­i­cal­ly by Pho­to­shop­ping it out.

His online Gluten Free Muse­um is a nod to détourne­ment, manip­u­la­tions of exist­ing works born of Let­ter­ist Inter­na­tion­al and the Sit­u­a­tion­ists. Gone are the crusty loaves, fields gold­en with wheat, and any­thing con­tain­ing grains that could cause dis­com­fort to those afflict­ed by gluten intol­er­ance or celi­ac dis­ease.

Gluten Free Museum 2

Even the pitch­fork in Grant Wood’s Amer­i­can Goth­ic gets the dig­i­tal heave ho…with noth­ing to har­vest, what’s the point?

Gluten Free Museum 3

Pieter Bruegel’s the Har­vesters gets the most rad­i­cal redo.

Gluten Free Museum 4

Cezanne’s Still Life with Bread and Eggs is now just Eggs…

Gluten Free Museum 5

…and Sal­vador Dali’s Eucharis­tic Still Life has been reduced to mere fish­es.

Gluten Free Museum 6

By con­trast, the pic­nick­ers in Édouard Manet’s Le Déje­uner Sur L’Herbe prob­a­bly don’t even notice the omis­sion.

See more, includ­ing work by Jean-François Mil­let, Vin­cent van Gogh, Car­avag­gio, Giuseppe Arcim­bol­do, and Jeff Koons in Coulet’s Gluten Free Muse­um.

A quick image search using the phrase “bread paint­ing” sug­gests that much work remains to be done.

via So Bad So Good

Relat­ed Con­tent:

Philoso­pher Por­traits: Famous Philoso­phers Paint­ed in the Style of Influ­en­tial Artists

What Hap­pens When a Cheap Ikea Print Gets Pre­sent­ed as Fine Art in a Muse­um

Sal­vador Dalí’s Melt­ing Clocks Paint­ed on a Lat­te

Ayun Hal­l­i­day is an author, illus­tra­tor, and Chief Pri­ma­tol­o­gist of the East Vil­lage Inky zine. Her play, Fawn­book, is play­ing in New York City through Novem­ber 20. Fol­low her @AyunHalliday

Free Entertainment for Cats and Dogs: Videos of Birds, Squirrels & Other Thrills

Before Fri­day, we had nev­er man­aged to cov­er NASCAR, but we crossed that off the list when we fea­tured Ter­ry Gilliam’s mock­u­men­tary The Leg­end of Hal­lowde­ga. And now today we have anoth­er Open Cul­ture first: yes, an archive of free, enter­tain­ing videos for cats and dogs.

Over the past 6 years, Paul Din­ning has cre­at­ed a YouTube chan­nel packed with over 400 videos fea­tur­ing the wildlife of Corn­wall, Eng­land. And, from that footage, he has cob­bled togeth­er playlists designed to delight all cats and dogs with access to the inter­net. And, appar­ent­ly cats and dogs are watch­ing. The first video above, called “Squir­rel and Bird Fun,” has clocked some 863,000 views over the past year. And the next video, “The Ulti­mate Videos of Birds for Cats To Watch,” has 946,000 views since Jan­u­ary. I showed the videos to my cat Coc­co [sic] and, I kid you not, he was trans­fixed.

A longer playlist of videos for cats and dogs can be viewed here.

Fol­low Open Cul­ture on Face­book and Twit­ter and share intel­li­gent media with your friends. Or bet­ter yet, sign up for our dai­ly email and get a dai­ly dose of Open Cul­ture in your inbox. And if you want to make sure that our posts def­i­nite­ly appear in your Face­book news­feed, just fol­low these sim­ple steps.

by | Permalink | Make a Comment ( 1 ) |

Voltaire: “Those Who Can Make You Believe Absurdities, Can Make You Commit Atrocities”

Voltaire

Voltaire, the clear­est of Enlight­en­ment thinkers wrote those words in his 1765 essay, “Ques­tions sur les mir­a­cles.” And they res­onate as much now, 250 years lat­er, as they did then.

I rarely say much about myself on the site. But I’ll just say today that I did my doc­tor­al work on the French Rev­o­lu­tion, spent a cou­ple years liv­ing in Paris, and devel­oped a deep affec­tion for the city, as many oth­ers have. What hap­pened tonight is heart­break­ing, trag­ic and down­right mad­den­ing. My thoughts are with all Parisians tonight, friends and strangers alike.

by | Permalink | Make a Comment ( 48 ) |

NASCAR Meets the Paranormal in Terry Gilliam’s Short Film, The Legend of Hallowdega

I think we here at Open Cul­ture can freely own up to a defi­cien­cy in our con­tent: despite its out­sized pres­ence in Amer­i­can cul­ture, we’ve real­ly neglect­ed to post much about NASCAR. Luck­i­ly, film direc­tor, ani­ma­tor, and Mon­ty Python mem­ber Ter­ry Gilliam has giv­en us rea­son to change our ways by shoot­ing a short film at Alaba­ma’s Tal­lade­ga Super­speed­way, one of the best-known venues for NASCAR races. But The Leg­end of Hal­lowde­ga, made to pro­mote some­thing called AMP Ener­gy Juice, tells not a straight (or rather, con­stant­ly left-turn­ing) sto­ry about rac­ing, but adds anoth­er lay­er of intrigue: the para­nor­mal.

That might sound like a ran­dom con­cep­tu­al mashup, but a lit­tle bit of research reveals Tal­lade­ga as a reg­u­lar Over­look Hotel, what with its his­to­ry of mys­te­ri­ous com­pul­sions, freak injuries and deaths, and unex­plained acts of sab­o­tage. (Some even chalk all this up to a curse placed on the Tal­lade­ga’s val­ley by its orig­i­nal Native Amer­i­can inhab­i­tants, dri­ven out for their col­lab­o­ra­tion with Andrew Jack­son.) Enter tat­tooed, Fu-Manchu’d, bead-fes­tooned ghost hunter Kiyash Mon­sef, here to answer the ques­tion, “What is the truth? And what is truer that the truth?” — the words of the kha­ki-wrapped host of World of the Unex­plained, the fic­ti­tious, high­ly sen­sa­tion­al­is­tic, and not espe­cial­ly com­pe­tent tele­vi­sion show that frames The Leg­end of Hal­lowde­ga’s sto­ry.

Noth­ing in the first few min­utes of the film gives it away as a Ter­ry Gilliam project, but as soon as it enters Mon­se­f’s elab­o­rate yet makeshift, thor­ough­ly ana­log lair — locat­ed under­neath Tal­lade­ga itself — the famous­ly imag­i­na­tive direc­tor starts mak­ing his touch appar­ent. We could eas­i­ly dis­miss David Arquet­te’s per­for­mance as Mon­sef as over-the-top, but to many of us, he sure­ly comes off as no more unfa­mil­iar than some of the locals pro­vid­ing their own tes­ti­mo­ny about the curse in the inter­view seg­ments. Where has the oft-lament­ed “old, weird Amer­i­ca” gone? In (the Amer­i­can-born but British-nat­u­ral­ized and thus suf­fi­cient­ly dis­tanced) Ter­ry Gilliam’s eyes, it lives on, espe­cial­ly in places like Tal­lade­ga.

Relat­ed Con­tent:

Ter­ry Gilliam Reveals the Secrets of Mon­ty Python Ani­ma­tions: A 1974 How-To Guide

Ter­ry Gilliam’s Lost Ani­ma­tions from Mon­ty Python and the Holy Grail Are Now Online

Watch Ter­ry Gilliam’s Ani­mat­ed Short, The Christ­mas Card (1968)

4,000+ Free Movies Online: Great Clas­sics, Indies, Noir, West­erns, Doc­u­men­taries & More

Col­in Mar­shall writes else­where on cities, lan­guage, Asia, and men’s style. He’s at work on a book about Los Ange­les, A Los Ange­les Primer, the video series The City in Cin­e­maand the crowd­fund­ed jour­nal­ism project Where Is the City of the Future? Fol­low him on Twit­ter at @colinmarshall or on Face­book.

A 103-Year-Old Harlem Renaissance Dancer Sees Herself on Film for the First Time & Becomes an Internet Star

The Harlem Renais­sance lives in the form of Alice Bark­er, a soft spo­ken lady who just last week received a belat­ed Hap­py 103rd Birth­day card from the Oba­mas.

That’s her on the right in the first clip, below. She’s in the back right at the 2:07 mark. Perched on a lunch counter stool, show­ing off her shape­ly stems at 9:32.

Barker’s new­found celebri­ty is an unex­pect­ed reward for one who was nev­er a mar­quee name.

She was a mem­ber of the chorus—a pret­ty, tal­ent­ed, hard­work­ing young lady, whose name was mis­spelled on one of the occa­sions when she was cred­it­ed. She danced through­out the 1930s and 40s in leg­endary Harlem venues like the Apol­lo, the Cot­ton Club, and the Zanz­ibar Club. Shared the stage with Frank Sina­tra, Gene Kel­ly, and Bill “Bojan­gles” Robin­son. Racked up a num­ber of film, com­mer­cial and TV cred­its, get­ting paid to do some­thing she lat­er con­fid­ed from a nurs­ing home bed she would have glad­ly done for free.

Barker’s cho­rus girl days had been moth­balled for decades when she crossed paths with video edi­tor David Shuff, a vol­un­teer vis­i­tor to the nurs­ing home where she lives. Shuff seems to be a kin­dred spir­it to the writer David Green­berg­er, whose Duplex Plan­et zines—and lat­er books, comics, and performances—captured the sto­ries (and per­son­al­i­ties) of the elder­ly res­i­dents of a Boston nurs­ing home where he served as activ­i­ties direc­tor.

Intrigued by glim­mers of Barker’s glam­orous past, Shuff joined forces with recre­ation­al ther­a­pist Gail Camp­bell, to see if they could truf­fle up any evi­dence. Bark­er her­self had lost all of the pho­tos and mem­o­ra­bil­ia that would have backed up her claims.

Even­tu­al­ly, their search led them to his­to­ri­ans Ali­cia Thomp­son and Mark Can­tor, who were able to iden­ti­fy Bark­er strut­ting her stuff in a hand­ful of extant 1940s juke­box shorts, aka “soundies.”

Though Bark­er had caught her­self in a cou­ple of com­mer­cials, she had nev­er seen any of her soundie per­for­mances. A friend of Shuff’s serendip­i­tous­ly decid­ed to record her reac­tion to her first pri­vate screen­ing on Shuff’s iPad. The video went viral as soon as it hit the Inter­net, and sud­den­ly, Bark­er was a star.

The loveli­est aspect of her late-in-life celebri­ty is an abun­dance of old fash­ioned fan mail, flow­ers and art­work. She also received a Jim­mie Lunce­ford Lega­cy Award for excel­lence in music and music edu­ca­tion.

Fame is heady, but seems not to have gone to Bark­er’s, as evi­denced by a remark she made to Shuff a cou­ple of months after she blew up the Inter­net, “I got jobs because I had great legs, but also, I knew how to wink.”

Shuff main­tains a web­site for fans who want to stay abreast of Alice Bark­er. You can also write her at the address below:

Alice Bark­er
c/o Brook­lyn Gar­dens
835 Herkimer Street
Brook­lyn, NY11233

Relat­ed Con­tent:

The Great­est Jazz Films Ever Fea­tures Clas­sic Per­for­mances by Miles, Dizzy, Bird, Bil­lie & More

Cab Calloway’s “Hep­ster Dic­tio­nary,” A 1939 Glos­sary of the Lin­go (the “Jive”) of the Harlem Renais­sance

A 1932 Illus­trat­ed Map of Harlem’s Night Clubs: From the Cot­ton Club to the Savoy Ball­room

Ayun Hal­l­i­day is an author, illus­tra­tor, and Chief Pri­ma­tol­o­gist of the East Vil­lage Inky zine. Her play, Fawn­book, is run­ning through Novem­ber 20 in New York City. Fol­low her @AyunHalliday

Punk & Heavy Metal Music Makes Listeners Happy and Calm, Not Aggressive, According to New Australian Study

Gary Holt Slayer

Cre­ative Com­mons pho­to by Met­al Chris

In My Day, so much of the music we lis­tened to seemed angri­er, more rau­cous and unruly—more aggres­sive and plain­ly evil—than music today. Not that I have any hard evi­dence for these asser­tions; cus­tom­ar­i­ly none is required for an In My Day rant. But I sub­mit to you this: all that musi­cal rage, in my opin­ion, was a good thing.

And it seems at least in this case, I can sub­stan­ti­ate my opin­ion with sci­ence. This past sum­mer, we report­ed on a study done by researchers at Hum­boldt State, Ohio State, UC River­side, and UT Austin show­ing that kids who lis­tened to heavy met­al in the 80s were “sig­nif­i­cant­ly hap­pi­er in their youth and bet­ter adjust­ed cur­rent­ly than either mid­dle-aged or cur­rent col­lege-age youth com­par­i­son groups.” Despite heat­ed debates in the 80s and 90s over objec­tion­able lyri­cal con­tent in both pop­u­lar and alter­na­tive music (remem­ber the “Cop Killer” con­tro­ver­sy?), researchers con­clud­ed that angry rock did­n’t turn peo­ple into alien­at­ed mani­acs. Instead, they found, “par­tic­i­pa­tion in fringe style cul­tures may enhance iden­ti­ty devel­op­ment in trou­bled youth.”

Now, even more recent research into the effects of angry hard­core punk and met­al on the psy­ches of young peo­ple seems to con­firm these results and fur­ther sug­gest that aggres­sive music has a para­dox­i­cal­ly calm­ing effect. In a study titled “Extreme met­al music and anger pro­cess­ing,” Uni­ver­si­ty of Queens­land psy­chol­o­gists Leah Shar­man and Genevieve Din­gle describe how they sub­ject­ed “39 extreme music lis­ten­ers aged 18–34 years of age” to “anger induc­tion,” dur­ing which time, writes Con­se­quence of Sound, “they talked about such irri­tat­ing things as rela­tion­ships, mon­ey, and work.” Once the test sub­jects were good and stressed, Shar­man and Din­gle had them lis­ten either to a “ran­dom assign­ment” of “extreme music from their own playlist” for ten min­utes or to ten min­utes of silence.

As uni­ver­si­ty pub­li­ca­tion UQ News sum­ma­rizes, “In con­trast to pre­vi­ous stud­ies link­ing loud and chaot­ic music to aggres­sion and delin­quen­cy,” this study “showed lis­ten­ers most­ly became inspired and calmed” by their met­al. “The music helped them explore the full gamut of emo­tion they felt,” says Shar­man, “but also left them feel­ing more active and inspired.” The researchers also pro­vide a brief his­to­ry of what they call “extreme music” and define it in terms of sev­er­al gen­res and sub­gen­res:

Fol­low­ing the rise of punk and heavy met­al, a range of new gen­res and sub­gen­res sur­faced. Hard­core, death met­al, emo­tion­al/e­mo­tion­al-hard­core (emo), and screamo appeared through­out the 1980s, grad­u­al­ly becom­ing more a part of main­stream cul­ture. Each of these gen­res and their sub­gen­res are socio-polit­i­cal­ly charged and, as men­tioned ear­li­er, are char­ac­ter­ized by heavy and pow­er­ful sounds with expres­sive vocals.

“At the fore­front of [the] con­tro­ver­sy sur­round­ing extreme music,” they write, “is the promi­nence of aggres­sive lyrics and titles.” In addi­tion­al exper­i­ments, Shar­man and Din­gle found that “vio­lent lyrics” did increase “par­tic­i­pants’ state hos­til­i­ty,” but the effect was fleet­ing. Against pre­vail­ing assump­tions that angry-sound­ing, aggres­sive music caus­es or cor­re­lates with depres­sion, vio­lence, self-harm, sub­stance abuse, or sui­cide, the Queens­land researchers found exact­ly the opposite—that “extreme music” alle­vi­at­ed lis­ten­ers’ “angst and aggres­sion,” made them hap­pi­er, calmer, and bet­ter able to cope with the anger-induc­ing stres­sors that sur­round us all.

via Con­se­quence of Sound

Relat­ed Con­tent:

1980s Met­al­head Kids Are All Right: New Study Sug­gests They Became Well-Adjust­ed Adults

New Research Shows How Music Lessons Dur­ing Child­hood Ben­e­fit the Brain for a Life­time

The Neu­ro­science of Drum­ming: Researchers Dis­cov­er the Secrets of Drum­ming & The Human Brain

This is Your Brain on Jazz Impro­vi­sa­tion: The Neu­ro­science of Cre­ativ­i­ty

Josh Jones is a writer and musi­cian based in Durham, NC. Fol­low him at @jdmagness

Now Streaming Free: The Best of The Grateful Dead’s “Fare Thee Well” Concerts in Chicago

fare thee well

A quick note: Thanks to NPR’s First Lis­ten site, you can now stream for free (but only for a lim­it­ed time) The Best Of Fare Thee Well: Cel­e­brat­ing 50 Years Of The Grate­ful Dead. This new dou­ble record, fea­tur­ing 16 tracks record­ed dur­ing the Dead­’s farewell shows in Chica­go this sum­mer, will be offi­cial­ly released on Novem­ber 20th. But you can get a sneak peek right here, right now by click­ing the play but­ton on the audio play­er below.

Tracks includes “Box Of Rain,” “Shake­down Street,” “Truckin’,” “Scar­let Bego­nias,” “Fire On The Moun­tain,” “Not Fade Away,” “Touch of Grey” and oth­er fan favorites.

As with all Dead shows, you can also find raw record­ings of the entire three Chica­go con­certs on the web. Just revis­it our July 7th post to stream those too.

Fol­low Open Cul­ture on Face­book and Twit­ter and share intel­li­gent media with your friends. Or bet­ter yet, sign up for our dai­ly email and get a dai­ly dose of Open Cul­ture in your inbox. And if you want to make sure that our posts def­i­nite­ly appear in your Face­book news­feed, just fol­low these sim­ple steps.

Relat­ed Con­tent:

The Grate­ful Dead’s Final Farewell Con­certs Now Stream­ing Online

Bob Dylan & The Grate­ful Dead Rehearse Togeth­er in Sum­mer 1987: Hear 74 Tracks

Every Grate­ful Dead Song Anno­tat­ed in Hyper­text: Web Project Reveals the Deep Lit­er­ary Foun­da­tions of the Dead’s Lyrics      

The Grate­ful Dead’s “Rip­ple” Played by Musi­cians Around the World

10,173 Free Grate­ful Dead Con­cert Record­ings in the Inter­net Archive

The Power of Pessimism: Science Reveals the Hidden Virtues in Negative Thinking

These days, you don’t real­ly hear many peo­ple mak­ing the case for pes­simism. Quite the con­trary, pos­i­tive psy­chol­o­gy is now en vogue. And its founder, Uni­ver­si­ty of Penn­syl­va­nia psy­chol­o­gy pro­fes­sor Mar­tin Selig­man, has writ­ten best­sellers with titles like Learned Opti­mism: How to Change Your Mind and Your Life. But maybe, as Alain de Bot­ton sug­gests above, there’s an argu­ment to be made for pes­simism â€“ for hav­ing a sober, if not neg­a­tive, out­look on life. And maybe there’s sci­ence that val­i­dates that point of view.

This sec­ond video, cre­at­ed by New York Mag­a­zine, sum­ma­rizes the research of NYU pro­fes­sor Gabriele Oet­tin­gen, attribut­ing to her the belief that â€śpes­simism can be a bet­ter moti­va­tor for achiev­ing goals than opti­mism,” see­ing that opti­mism tends to lull us into com­pla­cen­cy and slack­en our desire to achieve impor­tant per­son­al goals, like los­ing weight.

Cou­ple that with this: a 2013 study released in Psy­chol­o­gy and Aging, a jour­nal pub­lished by the Amer­i­can Psy­cho­log­i­cal Asso­ci­a­tion (APA), con­clud­ed that “Old­er peo­ple who have low expec­ta­tions for a sat­is­fy­ing future may be more like­ly to live longer, health­i­er lives than those who see brighter days ahead.” The lead author of the study Frieder R. Lang, PhD, added: “Our find­ings revealed that being over­ly opti­mistic in pre­dict­ing a bet­ter future was asso­ci­at­ed with a greater risk of dis­abil­i­ty and death with­in the fol­low­ing decade.” “Pes­simism about the future,” it seems, “may encour­age peo­ple to live more care­ful­ly, tak­ing health and safe­ty pre­cau­tions” that sun­ny opti­mists might not oth­er­wise take.

I should add this caveat: sci­en­tists don’t nec­es­sar­i­ly find virtue in pure, unadul­ter­at­ed pes­simism. Rather, they find ben­e­fits in what they call â€śdefen­sive pes­simism.” This is a strat­e­gy, as sum­ma­rized by The Wall Street Jour­nal, where peo­ple â€ślow­er their expec­ta­tions and think through all the pos­si­ble neg­a­tives that could hap­pen in order to avoid them.” Frieder R. Lang, author of the Psy­chol­o­gy & Aging study men­tioned above, told WSJ, â€śThose who are defen­sive­ly pes­simistic about their future may be more like­ly to invest in prepara­to­ry or pre­cau­tion­ary mea­sures, where­as we expect that opti­mists will not be think­ing about those things.” Sim­i­lar virtues might be attrib­uted to “defen­sive opti­mism,” but we’ll have to wait and see what the inevitable sci­en­tif­ic stud­ies have to say about that.

Fol­low Open Cul­ture on Face­book and Twit­ter and share intel­li­gent media with your friends. Or bet­ter yet, sign up for our dai­ly email and get a dai­ly dose of Open Cul­ture in your inbox. And if you want to make sure that our posts def­i­nite­ly appear in your Face­book news­feed, just fol­low these sim­ple steps.

Relat­ed Con­tent:

Free Online Psy­chol­o­gy & Neu­ro­science Cours­es

The Psy­chol­o­gy of Messi­ness & Cre­ativ­i­ty: Research Shows How a Messy Desk and Cre­ative Work Go Hand in Hand

John Cleese Explores the Health Ben­e­fits of Laugh­ter

by | Permalink | Make a Comment ( 1 ) |

Peter Sellers Calls Kubrick’s A Clockwork Orange “Violent,” “The Biggest Load of Crap I’ve Seen” (1972)

In an age when The Walk­ing Dead pro­vides a week­ly dose of head-explod­ing gore, it’s easy to for­get how shock­ing the vio­lence of Stan­ley Kubrick’s A Clock­work Orange (1971) felt to view­ers at the time. Antho­ny Burgess’ nov­el was about crime and pun­ish­ment, the dif­fer­ences and/or sim­i­lar­i­ties between street-lev­el thugs and state-sanc­tioned vio­lence, and the impor­tance of vio­lence in a free soci­ety. Kubrick, hav­ing blown up the world a decade ear­li­er at the end of Dr. Strangelove, took on all these issues and made them into pure cin­e­ma. It elic­its a response even now—I have friends who res­olute­ly refuse to watch the film—despite its years spent on the com­post pile of post-mod­ern cul­ture.

For an exam­ple of how strong­ly peo­ple felt, check this quote from Peter Sell­ers, being inter­viewed by Gene Siskel in the Chica­go Sun-Times in 1972, five months after the film pre­miered in the States.

Peter Sell­ers: I hat­ed A Clock­work Orange. I thought it was the biggest load of crap I’ve ever seen for years. Amoral. I think because of the vio­lence around today it’s lam­en­ta­ble that a direc­tor of Stan­ley Kubrick’s dis­tinc­tion and abil­i­ty should lend him­self to such a sub­ject. I’m not say­ing that you can’t pick up that book [the Antho­ny Burgess nov­el upon which the film is based], read it, and put it down. But to make it as a film, with all the vio­lence we have in the world today – to add to it, to put it on show – I just don’t under­stand where Stan­ley is at.

Gene Siskel: Are you say­ing that it will influ­ence peo­ple to com­mit vio­lence that they would oth­er­wise not com­mit?

Peter Sell­ers: I think it adds to it.

Sell­ers had worked with Kubrick on both Dr. Strangelove and Loli­ta, so for a star to talk so ill of a for­mer direc­tor was quite shock­ing. He con­tin­ues in the inter­view to also denounce the vio­lence in Hitchcock’s Fren­zy, which had just been released. When Siskel press­es him on the por­tray­al of vio­lence and its neces­si­ty in a world that want­ed more truth and real­ism in its films, Sell­ers falls back on his recent involve­ment in yoga:

I must tell you first of all that I’m a yogi. I am against vio­lence com­plete­ly. Hare ommm. So you now know why. So there’s real­ly no point in ask­ing any more ques­tions about it.

Dur­ing the orig­i­nal pro­mo­tion for the film, Kubrick con­sid­ered crit­i­cisms of its vio­lence absurd:

No one is cor­rupt­ed watch­ing A Clock­work Orange any more than they are by watch­ing Richard III… The film has been accept­ed as a work of art, and no work of art has ever done social harm, though a great deal of social harm has been done by those who have sought to pro­tect soci­ety against works of art which they regard­ed as dan­ger­ous.

Yet as copy­cat crimes—or crimes that the UK’s press like to sug­gest were so—increased in the months after its release, Kubrick removed his film from cir­cu­la­tion in Britain. Despite Kubrick being behind the deci­sion, it was gen­er­al­ly thought that the UK had “banned” the film. It remained so until Kubrick’s death in 1999. Britain final­ly got to see an uncut ver­sion of the film in…you guessed it…2001.

via Dan­ger­ous Minds/ Stan­ley Kubrick Tum­blr

Relat­ed Con­tent:

Peter Sell­ers Cov­ers the Bea­t­les’ “A Hard Day’s Night,” “She Loves You” & “Help!”

Inside Dr. Strangelove: Doc­u­men­tary Reveals How a Cold War Sto­ry Became a Kubrick Clas­sic

Stan­ley Kubrick’s Rare 1965 Inter­view with The New York­er

Ted Mills is a free­lance writer on the arts who cur­rent­ly hosts the FunkZone Pod­cast. You can also fol­low him on Twit­ter at @tedmills, read his oth­er arts writ­ing at tedmills.com and/or watch his films here.

Free Online: Watch the Films of Andrei Tarkovsky, Arguably the Most Respected Filmmaker of All Time


If you enjoy film in an even slight­ly seri­ous way, you’ve sure­ly heard the name Andrei Tarkovsky brought up dozens and dozens of times, some­times — or, if you run in cinephilic cir­cles, invari­ably â€” in the con­text of ver­tig­i­nous­ly high praise. Film-lovers wor­ship Tarkovsky, as do many oth­er film­mak­ers: no less an auteur than Ing­mar Bergman called him “the best of them all” (after dis­miss­ing Godard as “affect­ed” and Hitch­cock as “infan­tile”), “the one who invent­ed a new lan­guage, true to the nature of film, as it cap­tures life as a reflec­tion, life as a dream.”

Oth­er artists, too, have paid Tarkovsky trib­ute: Geoff Dyer devot­ed an entire book not to the direc­tor’s career, but to just one of his movies, Stalk­er (see its orig­i­nal trail­er above). As we told you five years ago, and it deserves repeat­ing again, you can watch Stalk­er (here) free onlinealong with oth­er major Tarkovsky films. Stalk­er alone can give you a pow­er­ful sense of just why the sev­en fea­ture films Tarkovsky left behind when he died in 1986 have only drawn more acco­lades over time. And it will per­haps whet your appetite to start watch­ing four oth­er Tarkovsky films free online on this page, includ­ing his 15th-cen­tu­ry Russ­ian icon-painter biopic (to only par­tial­ly describe it) Andrei Rublev and his Stanis­law Lem adap­ta­tion (and “answer to 2001: A Space Odyssey”) Solaris. 

You can also watch 1975’s Mir­ror, which some Tarkovsky enthu­si­asts con­sid­er his great­est work. If you do watch it, bear in mind the Bergman quote above: if the best of all film­mak­ers won that title by ren­der­ing life as a dream, then it only stands to rea­son that Mir­ror, the most dream­like of all his work, would rise to the top of his fil­mog­ra­phy. It will make you under­stand why, despite the hun­dreds and thou­sands of pages on Tarkovsky’s work writ­ten by crit­ics, aca­d­e­mics, and pure fans, you can only appre­ci­ate these films through direct expe­ri­ence. As with the dif­fi­cul­ty of describ­ing a dream com­pelling­ly in words, text can’t do jus­tice to Tarkovsky, but when you watch one of his cin­e­mat­ic dreams, you dream it along with him — and like the most vivid dreams, frag­ments of them will stick with you for­ev­er.

Note: The Tarkovsky films list­ed above were put online by the offi­cial Youtube chan­nel of Mos­film, the stu­dio for which Tarkovsky made the films.

Relat­ed Con­tent:

Tarkovsky Films Now Free Online

Watch Solaris (1972), Andrei Tarkovsky’s Haunt­ing Vision of the Future

Andrei Tarkovsky’s Solaris Shot by Shot: A 22-Minute Break­down of the Director’s Film­mak­ing

“Auteur in Space”: A Video Essay on How Andrei Tarkovsky’s Solaris Tran­scends Sci­ence Fic­tion

Andrei Tarkovsky’s Mas­ter­piece Stalk­er Gets Adapt­ed into a Video Game

Watch Stalk­er, Andrei Tarkovsky’s Mind-Bend­ing Mas­ter­piece Free Online

A Poet in Cin­e­ma: Andrei Tarkovsky Reveals the Director’s Deep Thoughts on Film­mak­ing and Life

Andrei Tarkovsky Cre­ates a List of His 10 Favorite Films (1972)

Andrei Tarkovsky’s Very First Films: Three Stu­dent Films, 1956–1960

Col­in Mar­shall writes else­where on cities, lan­guage, Asia, and men’s style. He’s at work on a book about Los Ange­les, A Los Ange­les Primer, the video series The City in Cin­e­maand the crowd­fund­ed jour­nal­ism project Where Is the City of the Future? Fol­low him on Twit­ter at @colinmarshall or on Face­book.


  • Great Lectures

  • Sign up for Newsletter

  • About Us

    Open Culture scours the web for the best educational media. We find the free courses and audio books you need, the language lessons & educational videos you want, and plenty of enlightenment in between.


    Advertise With Us

  • Archives

  • Search

  • Quantcast