Search Results for "u"

What Do Movies Say When They Say Nothing at All: A Video Essay

Some­times less is more. Some­times silence says more than words or sound itself. John Cage knew it. Dit­to our finest film­mak­ers. That’s the take­away from When Words Fail in Movies–a new video essay that stitch­es togeth­er 15 scenes from icon­ic films by Hitch­cock, Kubrick, Felli­ni and oth­ers. Cre­at­ed by David Verdeure at Film­scalpel, the clip lets us med­i­tate on â€śthe mean­ing­ful use of silence” in the sound-film era. Fan­dor has pulled togeth­er a list of scenes used in the mon­tage. Find them below:

The Matrix, dir. Lana Wachows­ki and Lil­ly Wachows­ki. Sil­ver Pic­tures, USA, 1999. 136 mins.
The God­fa­ther: Part III, dir. Fran­cis Ford Cop­po­la. Zoetrope Stu­dios, USA, 1990. 162 mins.
Mon Oncle, dir. Jacques Tati. Spec­ta films et al., France, 1958. 117 mins.
2001: A Space Odyssey, dir. Stan­ley Kubrick. Stan­ley Kubrick Pro­duc­tions, UK / USA, 1968. 149 mins.
Lost in Trans­la­tion, dir. Sofia Cop­po­la. Amer­i­can Zoetrope et al., USA, 2003. 101 mins.
On the Water­front, dir., Elia Kazan. Hori­zon Pic­tures et al., USA, 1954. 108 mins.
The Grad­u­ate, dir. Mike Nichols. Lawrence Tur­man, USA, 1967. 106 mins.
The Lone­li­ness of the Long Dis­tance Run­ner, dir. Tony Richard­son. Wood­fall Film Pro­duc­tions, UK, 1962. 104 mins.
North by North­west, dir. Alfred Hitch­cock. Metro-Gold­wyn-May­er, USA, 1959. 136 mins.
In the Mood for Love, dir. Wong Kar-Wai. Block 2 Pic­tures et al., Hong Kong / Chi­na, 2000. 158 mins.
The Mar­t­ian, dir. Rid­ley Scott. Scott Free Pro­duc­tions et al., USA, 2015. 144 mins.
The Dis­creet Charm of the Bour­geoisie, dir. Luis Buñuel. Green­wich Film Pro­duc­tions, France, 1972. 102 mins.
The Con­ver­sa­tion, dir. Fran­cis Ford Cop­po­la. Amer­i­can Zoetrope et al., USA, 1974. 113 mins.
Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me, dir. David Lynch. Twin Peaks Pro­duc­tions et al., USA, 1992. 135 mins.
La Dolce Vita, dir. Fed­eri­co Felli­ni. Ria­ma Film et al., Italy, 1960. 180 mins.

If you would like to sup­port the mis­sion of Open Cul­ture, con­sid­er mak­ing a dona­tion to our site. It’s hard to rely 100% on ads, and your con­tri­bu­tions will help us con­tin­ue pro­vid­ing the best free cul­tur­al and edu­ca­tion­al mate­ri­als to learn­ers every­where. You can con­tribute through Pay­Pal, Patre­on, and Ven­mo (@openculture). Thanks!

Relat­ed Con­tent:

John Cage Per­forms His Avant-Garde Piano Piece 4’33” … in 1’22” (Har­vard Square, 1973)

Thomas Edison’s Silent Film of the “Fartiste” Who Delight­ed Crowds at Le Moulin Rouge (1900)

101 Free Silent Films: The Great Clas­sics

Read More...

8 Writers on How to Face Writer’s Block and the Blank Page: Margaret Atwood, Jonathan Franzen, Joyce Carol Oates & More

For those who write for a liv­ing, the issue of writer’s block doesn’t come up as often as tele­vi­sion and movies may have oth­ers believe. Sure, there’s plen­ty of times where the words don’t flow like they should. Or a writer may find they’ve writ­ten dri­v­el and start again. Or the begin­ning proves elu­sive. Or the end proves tricky. But that cliché of the har­ried writer, sit­ting in front of a blank sheet of paper (maybe with the daunt­ing “Chap­ter One” hov­er­ing at the top)? Maybe not so much.

In this short video made for the Louisiana Chan­nel (a YouTube chan­nel for the Louisiana Muse­um of Mod­ern Art in Den­mark), the blank page is any­thing but ter­ri­fy­ing for the eight authors inter­viewed.

“I don’t think writer’s block actu­al­ly exists,” says Philipp Mey­er. “It’s basi­cal­ly inse­cu­ri­ty. It’s your own inter­nal crit­ic turned up to a high­er lev­el than it’s sup­posed to be at that moment…The point is to get some­thing down on paper.”

Alaa Al-Aswany makes the most philo­soph­i­cal point, call­ing writ­ing the “con­flict between what you want to say and what you could say.”

Many of the authors inter­viewed, like Jonathan Franzen, Lydia Davis, and Joyce Car­ol Oates agree on a sim­i­lar point: the writer’s mind must have prepped and writ­ten and researched long before the body sits and the hands write. “By the time I come to the blank page I have many things to say,” Oates says.

For oth­er writ­ers, the blank page is a sym­bol of poten­tial. For David Mitchell it’s a door that opens onto infin­i­ty. For Mar­garet Atwood, the page “beck­ons you in to write some­thing on it. It must be filled.”

Daniel Kehlmann fills his in long­hand and calls it “deeply sat­is­fy­ing” even though writ­ing that first draft is the “least joy­ful part of writ­ing.”

In the final minute, David Mitchell does tack­le the idea of a writer’s block, but his sug­ges­tion is not worth spoil­ing, so go ahead and watch the whole thing. And if you’re a writer watch­ing this video because you’re procrastinating…get back to work!

Relat­ed Con­tent:

Stephen King Cre­ates a List of 96 Books for Aspir­ing Writ­ers to Read

The Dai­ly Habits of Famous Writ­ers: Franz Kaf­ka, Haru­ki Muraka­mi, Stephen King & More

Ray Brad­bury Gives 12 Pieces of Writ­ing Advice to Young Authors (2001)

Ted Mills is a free­lance writer on the arts who cur­rent­ly hosts the artist inter­view-based FunkZone Pod­cast. You can also fol­low him on Twit­ter at @tedmills, read his oth­er arts writ­ing at tedmills.com and/or watch his films here.

Read More...

Hear Marc Maron’s Long Talk with Werner Herzog

herzog and maron

Image by Erinc Salor and The Nec­es­sary Evil, via Wiki­me­dia Com­mons

Heads up: In the lat­est episode of the WTF pod­cast, film­mak­er Wern­er Her­zog pays a vis­it to Marc Maron’s garage in Los Ange­les, and they get into a wide-rang­ing con­ver­sa­tion, talk­ing about Her­zog’s upbring­ing in war-torn Ger­many, his upcom­ing film projects and a good deal more. But inevitably they focus on Her­zog’s new film, a med­i­ta­tion on the inter­net and tech­nol­o­gy called Lo And Behold: Rever­ies Of The Con­nect­ed World, which opens in the­aters this Fri­day. You can also watch it at home.

Feel free to stream Maron and Her­zog’s con­ver­sa­tion below. It starts around the 33:30 mark. Or hear it over at Maron’s web­site.


If you would like to sup­port the mis­sion of Open Cul­ture, con­sid­er mak­ing a dona­tion to our site. It’s hard to rely 100% on ads, and your con­tri­bu­tions will help us con­tin­ue pro­vid­ing the best free cul­tur­al and edu­ca­tion­al mate­ri­als to learn­ers every­where. You can con­tribute through Pay­Pal, Patre­on, and Ven­mo (@openculture). Thanks!

Relat­ed Con­tent:

Wern­er Her­zog Will Teach His First Online Course on Film­mak­ing

Wern­er Herzog’s Rogue Film School: Apply & Learn the Art of Gueril­la Film­mak­ing & Lock-Pick­ing

Wern­er Her­zog Picks His 5 Favorite Films

Read More...

Hear VALIS, an Opera Based on Philip K. Dick’s Metaphysical Novel

PKD

Image by Pete Wesch, via Wiki­me­dia Com­mons

Philip K. Dick died in 1982. His dis­tinc­tive, some say vision­ary brand of psy­cho­log­i­cal sci-fi lit­er­a­ture, how­ev­er, has lived on, prov­ing its endurance in part by tak­ing new forms. Blade Run­ner, Rid­ley Scot­t’s huge­ly influ­en­tial adap­ta­tion of Dick­’s Do Androids Dream of Elec­tric Sheep?, pre­miered just three months after the author’s depar­ture. More films fol­lowed over the years, includ­ing Paul Ver­ho­even’s Total Recall (an adap­ta­tion of “We Can Remem­ber It for You Whole­sale”), Steven Spiel­berg’s Minor­i­ty Report, Richard Lin­klater’s A Scan­ner Dark­ly, and many oth­ers.

Dick­’s work has also pro­vid­ed the basis for radio dra­mas, tele­vi­sion shows (most recent­ly Net­flix’s The Man in the High Cas­tle, with an ambi­tious anthol­o­gy series com­ing to Chan­nel 4 this spring), and stage pro­duc­tions.

Typ­i­cal­ly, these adap­ta­tions use the sto­ries and nov­els in which Dick wrote the set­ting, plot, and char­ac­ters with rel­a­tive straight­for­ward­ness. Oth­er, lat­er works found him plung­ing as deep into phi­los­o­phy and auto­bi­og­ra­phy as into sci­ence fic­tion. The change hap­pened around the time he saw a mys­te­ri­ous pink light and met God in 1974, or claimed to, and it pro­duced a final set of nov­els known as the VALIS tril­o­gy.

The frac­tured tale of an autho­r­i­al alter-ego named Horselover Fat, VALIS (short for “Vast Active Liv­ing Intel­li­gence Sys­tem”), the first book in the tril­o­gy, involves an alien space probe, Water­gate, the Mes­si­ah, lasers, and a range of ref­er­ences to reli­gions like Chris­tian­i­ty, Gnos­ti­cism, Bud­dhism, Gnos­ti­cism, Zoroas­tri­an­ism, and the Red Cross Broth­er­hood; phi­los­o­phy from the ancient Greeks to Pla­to, Pas­cal, and Schopen­hauer; and cul­tur­al fig­ures like Han­del, Wag­n­er, Goethe, and Frank Zap­pa. It would take an ambi­tious mind indeed to adapt such a thing: specif­i­cal­ly, it took the mind of Tod Machover, com­pos­er and direc­tor of MIT’s Media Lab, who turned it into an opera in 1987.

“We live in a world that is becom­ing in fact more and more frag­ment­ed, more and more com­plex,” says Machover on the rel­e­vance of VALIS at an inter­view at the Philip K. Dick Fan Site. â€śYou don’t have to have a pink light expe­ri­ence to real­ize that there is too much infor­ma­tion to not only be aware of but to make any kind of sense out of.” He describes this “incred­i­ble feel­ing of the world being not only too com­plex for any one per­son to make sense out of but also dan­ger­ous­ly com­plex, to the point where peo­ple will not only not under­stand each oth­er but end up hat­ing each oth­er and being absolute­ly crushed under the bur­den of just try­ing to make sense with how much there is to know.”

In his VALIS opera, which pre­miered at Paris’ Cen­tre Georges Pom­pi­dou with instal­la­tions cre­at­ed by video artist Cather­ine Ikam, Machover tried to get that feel­ing artis­ti­cal­ly across, and you can hear it free on Spo­ti­fy. (If you don’t have Spo­ti­fy’s soft­ware, you can down­load it here. There’s a Youtube ver­sion right above.) Back then in the 80s, he says, it “seemed like through our media and com­mu­ni­ca­tions there’d be a kind of facile way of con­nect­ing peo­ple, a sort of pas­siv­i­ty and turn­ing on your cable TV and see­ing what’s going on today in Tokyo or in Europe and you sort of feel like you can take all this stuff in. But in fact I think what we’re see­ing now is exact­ly what Dick pre­dict­ed, which is that it ain’t that easy.” And it sure has­n’t got any eas­i­er.

Relat­ed Con­tent:

Philip K. Dick Takes You Inside His Life-Chang­ing Mys­ti­cal Expe­ri­ence

Hear 6 Clas­sic Philip K. Dick Sto­ries Adapt­ed as Vin­tage Radio Plays

Philip K. Dick Makes Off-the-Wall Pre­dic­tions for the Future: Mars Colonies, Alien Virus­es & More (1981)

The Penul­ti­mate Truth About Philip K. Dick: Doc­u­men­tary Explores the Mys­te­ri­ous Uni­verse of PKD

33 Sci-Fi Sto­ries by Philip K. Dick as Free Audio Books & Free eBooks

Based in Seoul, Col­in Mar­shall writes and broad­casts on cities and cul­ture. He’s at work on a book about Los Ange­les, A Los Ange­les Primer, the video series The City in Cin­e­ma, the crowd­fund­ed jour­nal­ism project Where Is the City of the Future?, and the Los Ange­les Review of Books’ Korea Blog. Fol­low him on Twit­ter at @colinmarshall or on Face­book.

Read More...

Watch Hannah Arendt’s Diagnosis of the Banality of Evil as an 8‑Bit Video Game

Per­mit us a cou­ple of great over­sim­pli­fi­ca­tions: Han­nah Arendt became well-known by writ­ing about evil. Video games, espe­cial­ly clas­sic ones, usu­al­ly chal­lenge the play­er to fight some kind of evil. And so we have a suit­able, if at first seem­ing­ly incon­gru­ous, meet­ing of form and sub­stance in this video, â€śWhat is Evil?,” from the 8‑Bit Phi­los­o­phy series. It casts the 20th-cen­tu­ry polit­i­cal the­o­rist as the hero this time around, ren­der­ing in vin­tage video-game aes­thet­ics her quest not sim­ply to fight evil, but to iden­ti­fy evil — a much more trou­bling enter­prise.

“Tra­di­tion­al con­cep­tions of evil focus on the utter mon­stros­i­ty of evil actions — the com­plete awe and unthink­a­bil­i­ty of hor­ror,” says the nar­ra­tor. “Called pure or rad­i­cal evil, this is the sort of evil asso­ci­at­ed with antag­o­nists or vil­lains — is is the antithe­sis of good.”

It also hap­pens to be just the sort of obvi­ous straight-up evil video games tend to put their play­ers up against: ene­my ships you can only shoot down before they shoot you down, mad doc­tors you can only blow up before they blow the world up, mon­sters you can can only jump on before they eat you.

Arendt start­ed see­ing things dif­fer­ent­ly from this black-and-white (or in the case of eight-bit video games, 64-col­or) con­cep­tion after she saw the tri­al of Adolf Eich­mann. “Put on tri­al for numer­ous hor­rors, Eich­mann was found guilty of crimes against human­i­ty — espe­cial­ly against the Jew­ish peo­ple, for over­see­ing the trains that trans­port­ed peo­ple to Nazi death camps.” Sound like a mean piece of work though the guy may, Arendt beheld in the court­room “an alto­geth­er innocu­ous and seem­ing­ly nor­mal lit­tle man,” a “stereo­typ­i­cal bureau­crat” who “nev­er stopped to put him­self in any­one else’s shoes,” dri­ven by an “unques­tion­ing sense of oblig­a­tion to author­i­ty.”

To put it in video-game terms, Arendt expect­ed the sort of grotesque, cack­ling big boss that appears in the last stage, and she got the kind of drone who sim­ply stands around wait­ing to be slain with one hit in the first. This led her to coin her immor­tal phrase “the banal­i­ty of evil,” which, she explains in Eich­mann in Jerusalem, describes it “only on the strict­ly fac­tu­al lev­el. He was not stu­pid. It was thought­less­ness, some­thing by no means iden­ti­cal to stu­pid­i­ty. Such remote­ness from real­i­ty can wreak more hav­oc than all the instincts tak­en togeth­er.” And what kind of sword, laser, or pow­er-up could defeat that?

Relat­ed Con­tent:

A Look Inside Han­nah Arendt’s Per­son­al Library: Down­load Mar­gin­a­lia from 90 Books (Hei­deg­ger, Kant, Marx & More)

Enter the Han­nah Arendt Archives & Dis­cov­er Rare Audio Lec­tures, Man­u­scripts, Mar­gin­a­lia, Let­ters, Post­cards & More

Han­nah Arendt Dis­cuss­es Phi­los­o­phy, Pol­i­tics & Eich­mann in Rare 1964 TV Inter­view

Han­nah Arendt’s Orig­i­nal Arti­cles on “the Banal­i­ty of Evil” in the New York­er Archive

8‑Bit Phi­los­o­phy: Pla­to, Sartre, Der­ri­da & Oth­er Thinkers Explained With Vin­tage Video Games

Exis­ten­tial Phi­los­o­phy of Kierkegaard, Sartre, Camus Explained with 8‑Bit Video Games

Based in Seoul, Col­in Mar­shall writes and broad­casts on cities and cul­ture. He’s at work on a book about Los Ange­les, A Los Ange­les Primer, the video series The City in Cin­e­ma, the crowd­fund­ed jour­nal­ism project Where Is the City of the Future?, and the Los Ange­les Review of Books’ Korea Blog. Fol­low him on Twit­ter at @colinmarshall or on Face­book.

Read More...

Edward Wright Creates a List of His 1,000 Favorite Movies: Watch 10 of Them Free Online

There was a time when draw­ing up a list of your top ten favorite films of all time would suf­fice to estab­lish your­self as a cinephile. But sub­se­quent gen­er­a­tions of ever more obses­sive film-lovers have upped the ante — as, even more influ­en­tial­ly, have the film­mak­er-cinephiles. Quentin Taran­ti­no (on whose favorite movies we have post­ed many a time) may still stand as that tribe’s liv­ing arche­type, but his suc­ces­sors have made no secrets of the cin­e­ma they admire. Take, for instance, Edgar Wright, direc­tor of such intel­li­gent come­dies as Shaun of the Dead, Hot Fuzz, and The World’s End, and author (with MUBI’s Sam DiS­alle) of a list of his top thou­sand favorite films of all time.

“Arranged in chrono­log­i­cal order, Wright’s list kicks off with Robert Wiene’s 1920 clas­sic The Cab­i­net of Dr. Cali­gari and con­cludes with Nico­las Wind­ing Refn’s con­tro­ver­sial hor­ror flick The Neon Demon, which opened this year,” writes Enter­tain­ment Week­ly’s Dec­van Cog­gan. “In between are 998 eclec­tic choic­es, includ­ing every­thing from Cit­i­zen Kane and The God­fa­ther to The Lob­ster and The LEGO Movie.” That may not come as much of a sur­prise to Wright’s fans, who appre­ci­ate the eclec­tic sen­si­bil­i­ty, both aes­thet­ic and comedic, that per­me­ates his films. Now they have a guide to fol­low, through its influ­ence on his thor­ough­ly 21st-cen­tu­ry work, into near­ly the entire his­to­ry of cin­e­ma.

In fact, they can start right now with no few­er than ten pic­tures from the ear­li­er part of his chrono­log­i­cal­ly-arranged list. Fol­low the links below to our posts on them here on Open Cul­ture, where you can watch them for free. The ones with an aster­isk you can watch right here on this page.

Hyper­ki­net­ic humor, snap­py dia­logue, unre­al­i­ty, dystopia, men­ace: all qual­i­ties just as present in these clas­sic movies as in Wright’s own. Once you’ve seen them, you’ll find your appre­ci­a­tion for his back cat­a­log has risen to a whole new lev­el — and they’ll no doubt place you well to have the fullest pos­si­ble view­ing expe­ri­ence of his lat­est pic­ture, a crime com­e­dy called Baby Dri­ver, when it hits the­aters next year.

via Enter­tain­ment Week­ly

Relat­ed Con­tent:

Quentin Taran­ti­no Picks the 12 Best Films of All Time; Watch Two of His Favorites Free Online

Mar­tin Scors­ese Makes a List of 85 Films Every Aspir­ing Film­mak­er Needs to See

Wes Anderson’s Favorite Films: Moon­struck, Rosemary’s Baby, and Luis Buñuel’s The Exter­mi­nat­ing Angel

Orson Welles Names His 10 Favorite Films: From Chaplin’s City Lights to Ford’s Stage­coach

1,150 Free Movies Online: Great Clas­sics, Indies, Noir, West­erns, etc.

Based in Seoul, Col­in Mar­shall writes and broad­casts on cities and cul­ture. He’s at work on a book about Los Ange­les, A Los Ange­les Primer, the video series The City in Cin­e­ma, the crowd­fund­ed jour­nal­ism project Where Is the City of the Future?, and the Los Ange­les Review of Books’ Korea Blog. Fol­low him on Twit­ter at @colinmarshall or on Face­book.

Read More...

Was a 32,000-Year-Old Cave Painting the Earliest Form of Cinema?

A few years ago, Wern­er Her­zog’s acclaimed Cave of For­got­ten Dreams pulled off an unlike­ly com­bi­na­tion of tech­nol­o­gy and sub­ject mat­ter, using the lat­est in 3D cin­e­ma to cap­ture the old­est known man­made images. But in the view of French archae­ol­o­gist and film­mak­er Marc Azé­ma, it must have made per­fect sense as a kind of clos­ing of a grand cul­tur­al loop. More than twen­ty years of research has made him see the kind of up to 32,000-year-old cave paint­ings shown in Her­zog’s film as sequen­tial images of man and beast, not just sta­t­ic ones â€” mov­ing pic­tures, if you like — that emerge when arranged in a cer­tain way.

Azé­ma’s short video “Sequen­tial Ani­ma­tion: The First Pale­olith­ic Ani­mat­ed Pic­tures” does that arrang­ing for us, reveal­ing how the ear­ly anatom­i­cal sketch­es found on the walls of caves in France and Por­tu­gal depict ani­mal move­ment as the human artists per­ceived it. The con­nec­tion to mod­ern cin­e­ma, if you go through Ead­weard Muy­bridge’s nine­teenth-cen­tu­ry stud­ies of motion and then on to the prod­ucts of the Lumière broth­ers’ ear­ly movie cam­era, looks clear indeed. Once we fig­ured out how to sat­is­fy our ages-long curios­i­ty about how things move, we then, human ambi­tion being what it is, had to find a way to turn the dis­cov­ery toward artis­tic ends again.

“I don’t think it’s too much to call it an ear­ly form of cin­e­ma,” says Azé­ma in the seg­ment from PRI’s The World embed­ded above. “It was the first grand form of com­mu­ni­ca­tion, with an audi­ence and pic­tures.” He points to the key con­cept of reti­nal per­sis­tence, or per­sis­tence of vision, “when you’ve got an image, then a suc­ces­sive image, and anoth­er image, and the reti­na fol­lows what’s com­ing next,” which makes cin­e­ma pos­si­ble in the first place — and which ear­ly man, who “had the need to get the images out of his brain and on the wall,” seems to have known some­thing about. And what, we can hard­ly resist won­der­ing, will cin­e­ma look like to the future gen­er­a­tions who will regard even our biggest-bud­get 3D spec­ta­cles as, essen­tial­ly, pre­his­toric cave paint­ings?

Relat­ed Con­tent:

The His­to­ry of the Movie Cam­era in Four Min­utes: From the Lumiere Broth­ers to Google Glass

Watch the Films of the Lumière Broth­ers & the Birth of Cin­e­ma (1895)

We Were Wan­der­ers on a Pre­his­toric Earth: A Short Film Inspired by Joseph Con­rad

Hear the World’s Old­est Instru­ment, the “Nean­derthal Flute,” Dat­ing Back Over 43,000 Years

Based in Seoul, Col­in Mar­shall writes and broad­casts on cities and cul­ture. He’s at work on a book about Los Ange­les, A Los Ange­les Primer, the video series The City in Cin­e­ma, the crowd­fund­ed jour­nal­ism project Where Is the City of the Future?, and the Los Ange­les Review of Books’ Korea Blog. Fol­low him on Twit­ter at @colinmarshall or on Face­book.

Read More...

Portraits of Ellis Island Immigrants Arriving on America’s Welcoming Shores Circa 1907

Guadalupe Woman

The shib­bo­leths of our polit­i­cal cul­ture have trend­ed late­ly toward the loathe­some, crude, and com­plete­ly spe­cious to such a degree that at least one promi­nent colum­nist has summed up the ongo­ing spec­ta­cle in Cleve­land as “grotes­querie… on a lev­el unique in the his­to­ry of our repub­lic.” It’s impos­si­ble to quan­ti­fy such a thing, but the sen­ti­ment feels accu­rate in the fer­vor of the moment. We’ll hear a tor­rent of well-worn counter-clichĂ©s at the oth­er par­ty’s big con­ven­tion, and one of them that’s sure to come up again and again is the phrase “nation of immi­grants.” The U.S., we’re told over and over, is a “nation of immi­grants.” And it is. Or has become so, though the term “immi­grant” is not an uncom­pli­cat­ed one, as we’ve seen in the EU’s strug­gle to parse “refugees” from â€śeco­nom­ic migrants.”

German Stowaway

The U.S. is also a nation of indige­nous peo­ple and for­mer slaves, inden­tured ser­vants, and set­tler colonists, all very dif­fer­ent histories—and aca­d­e­m­ic his­to­ri­ans are care­ful not to blur the cat­e­gories, even if politi­cians, ordi­nary cit­i­zens, and text­book pub­lish­ers often do. Yet rhetoric about who owns the coun­try, and who gets to “take it back,” clouds every issue—it belongs to every­one and no one, or as Wal­lace Stevens put it, “this is everybody’s world.”

Danish Man

But when we talk about the his­to­ry of immi­gra­tion, we usu­al­ly talk about a spe­cif­ic his­to­ry dat­ing from the mid-19th to ear­ly-20th cen­tu­ry, dur­ing which diverse groups of peo­ple arrived from all over the world, bring­ing with them their lan­guages, cus­toms, food, and cul­tures, and only slow­ly becom­ing “Amer­i­cans” as they nat­u­ral­ized and assim­i­lat­ed to var­i­ous degrees, forcibly or oth­er­wise. We also talk about a legal his­to­ry that pro­scribed cer­tain kinds of peo­ple and cre­at­ed hier­ar­chies of desir­able and unde­sir­able immi­grants with respect to eth­nic and nation­al ori­gin and eco­nom­ic sta­tus.

Algerian Man

Mil­lions of the peo­ple who arrived dur­ing the peak of U.S. immi­gra­tion passed through the immi­gra­tion inspec­tion sta­tion at New York’s Ellis Island, which oper­at­ed between the years 1882 and 1954. The indi­vid­u­als and fam­i­lies who spent any time there were work­ing peo­ple and peas­ants. Among new arrivals, “the first and sec­ond class pas­sen­gers were con­sid­ered wealthy enough,” writes The Pub­lic Domain Review, “not to become a bur­den to the state and were exam­ined onboard the ships while the poor­er pas­sen­gers were sent to the island where they under­went med­ical exam­i­na­tions and legal inspec­tions.”

Italian Woman

Many of these indi­vid­u­als also sat for por­traits tak­en by the Chief Reg­istry Clerk Augus­tus Sher­man while “wait­ing for mon­ey, trav­el tick­ets or some­one to come and col­lect them from the island.” Sherman’s cam­era cap­tured strik­ing images like the poised Guade­lou­pean woman in pro­file at the top, the defi­ant Ger­man stow­away below her, stern Dan­ish man fur­ther down, Alger­ian man and Ital­ian woman above, and severe-look­ing trio of Dutch women and Geor­gian man below.

Dutch Women

These pho­tographs date from before 1907, which was the busiest year for Ellis Island, “with an all-time high of 11,747 immi­grants arriv­ing in April.” About two per­cent of immi­grants at the time were denied entry because of dis­ease, insan­i­ty, or a crim­i­nal back­ground. That per­cent­age of peo­ple turned away rose in the fol­low­ing decade, and the diver­si­ty of peo­ple com­ing to the coun­try nar­rowed sig­nif­i­cant­ly in the 1920s, until the 1924 immi­gra­tion act imposed strict quo­tas, “as immi­grants from South­ern and East­ern Europe were seen as infe­ri­or to the ear­li­er immi­grants from North­ern and West­ern Europe” and those from out­side the Euro­pean con­ti­nent were lim­it­ed to a tiny frac­tion of the almost 165,000 allowed that year.

Russian Cossack

“Fol­low­ing the Red Scare of 1919,” writes the Den­sho Ency­clo­pe­dia, “wide­spread fear of rad­i­cal­ism fueled anti-for­eign sen­ti­ment and exclu­sion­ist demands. Sup­port­ers of immi­gra­tion leg­is­la­tion stressed recur­ring themes: Anglo-Sax­on supe­ri­or­i­ty and for­eign­ers as threats to jobs and wages.” Not coin­ci­den­tal­ly, dur­ing this time the coun­try also saw the resur­gence of the Klu Klux Klan, which—notes PBS—“moved in many states to dom­i­nate local and state pol­i­tics.” It was a time that very much resem­bled our own, sad­ly, as fanat­i­cal nativism and white suprema­cy became dom­i­nant strains in the polit­i­cal dis­course, accom­pa­nied by much fear­mon­ger­ing, dem­a­goguery, and vio­lence. (It was also in the teens and twen­ties that the idea of a supe­ri­or “West­ern Civ­i­liza­tion” was invent­ed.)

Group Portrait Ellis Island

The por­traits above were pub­lished in Nation­al Geo­graph­ic and “hung on the walls of the low­er Man­hat­tan head­quar­ters of the fed­er­al Immi­gra­tion Ser­vice” in 1907, before the hys­te­ria began. They show us the human face of an abstract phe­nom­e­non far too often used as an epi­thet or catch-all scare word rather than a fact of human exis­tence since humans have exist­ed. Becom­ing acquaint­ed with the his­to­ry of immi­gra­tion in the U.S. allows us to see how we have han­dled it well in the past, and how we have han­dled it bad­ly, and the pho­to­graph­ic evi­dence pre­serves the dig­ni­ty of the var­i­ous indi­vid­ual peo­ple from all over the world who were lumped togeth­er collectively—as they are today—with the loaded word “immi­grant.”

Ellis Island 2

These images come from the New York Pub­lic Library’s online archive of Ellis Island Pho­tographs, which con­tains 89 pho­tos in all, includ­ing sev­er­al exte­ri­or and inte­ri­or shots of the island’s facil­i­ties and many more por­traits of arriv­ing peo­ple. We’re grate­ful to the Pub­lic Domain Review (who have a fas­ci­nat­ing new book on Nitrous Oxide com­ing out) for bring­ing these to our atten­tion. For more of the NYPL’s huge repos­i­to­ry of his­tor­i­cal pho­tographs, see their Flickr gallery of over 2,500 pho­tos or full dig­i­tal pho­tog­ra­phy col­lec­tion of over 180,000 images.

Ellis Island 1

via The Pub­lic Domain Review

Relat­ed Con­tent:

1,000+ Haunt­ing & Beau­ti­ful Pho­tos of Native Amer­i­can Peo­ples, Shot by the Ethno­g­ra­ph­er Edward S. Cur­tis (Cir­ca 1905)

478 Dorothea Lange Pho­tographs Poignant­ly Doc­u­ment the Intern­ment of the Japan­ese Dur­ing WWII

The New York Pub­lic Library Lets You Down­load 180,000 Images in High Res­o­lu­tion: His­toric Pho­tographs, Maps, Let­ters & More

Josh Jones is a writer and musi­cian based in Durham, NC. Fol­low him at @jdmagness.

Read More...

Why Economics is for Everyone!, Explained in a New RSA Animated Video

It has been a while, but RSA has returned with anoth­er one of their white­board ani­mat­ed videos. Dur­ing the ear­ly days of YouTube, they broke some aes­thet­ic ground by ani­mat­ing Slavoj Zizek on the Sur­pris­ing Eth­i­cal Impli­ca­tions of Char­i­ta­ble Giv­ing; Bar­bara Ehren­re­ich (author of Nick­el and Dimed) on The Per­ils of Pos­i­tive Psy­chol­o­gy; Daniel Pink on The Sur­pris­ing Truth About What Moti­vates Us, and Stan­ford psy­chol­o­gist Philip Zim­bar­do on The Secret Pow­ers of Time. Now, they’re back with the influ­en­tial Cam­bridge econ­o­mist Ha-Joon Chang explain­ing “why every sin­gle per­son can and SHOULD get their head around basic eco­nom­ics.” Here, Chang “pulls back the cur­tain on the often mys­ti­fy­ing lan­guage of deriv­a­tives and quan­ti­ta­tive eas­ing, and explains how eas­i­ly eco­nom­ic myths and assump­tions become gospel,” help­ing you to “arm your­self with some facts” and take part in “dis­cus­sions about the fun­da­men­tals that under­pin our day-to-day lives.” If you want to get up to speed on eco­nom­ics, some of the resources below will undoubt­ed­ly give you a hand.

If you would like to sup­port the mis­sion of Open Cul­ture, con­sid­er mak­ing a dona­tion to our site. It’s hard to rely 100% on ads, and your con­tri­bu­tions will help us con­tin­ue pro­vid­ing the best free cul­tur­al and edu­ca­tion­al mate­ri­als to learn­ers every­where. You can con­tribute through Pay­Pal, Patre­on, and Ven­mo (@openculture). Thanks!

Relat­ed Con­tent:

Free Online Eco­nom­ics Cours­es

Mor­gan Spur­lock, Wern­er Her­zog & Oth­er Stars Explain Eco­nom­ic The­o­ry in 20 Short Films

The His­to­ry of Eco­nom­ics & Eco­nom­ic The­o­ry Explained with Comics, Start­ing with Adam Smith

An Intro­duc­tion to Great Econ­o­mists — Adam Smith, the Phys­iocrats & More — Pre­sent­ed in New MOOC

Read More...

French Artist Creates Digital Street Art in the Sky

We humans are a quar­rel­some lot. But one thing that unites us is the time spent on our backs, gaz­ing at clouds for the plea­sure of iden­ti­fy­ing what­ev­er objects they may fleet­ing­ly resem­ble.

It’s a very relax­ing activ­i­ty.

I was sur­prised there’s an actu­al, med­ical name for it: parei­do­lia, defined by Mer­ri­am-Web­ster as “the ten­den­cy to per­ceive a spe­cif­ic, often mean­ing­ful, image in a ran­dom or ambigu­ous visu­al pat­tern.”

Thomas Lamadieu, the artist whose work is show­cased above, has a dif­fer­ent, but not whol­ly unre­lat­ed con­di­tion.

Most of us pre­fer to con­tem­plate the heav­ens in a bucol­ic set­ting. Lamadieu’s art com­pels him to look upwards from a more urban land­scape. The tops of the build­ings hem­ming him in sup­ply with irreg­u­lar­ly shaped frames, which he cap­tures using a fish eye lens. Lat­er, he fills them in with Microsoft Paint draw­ings, which fre­quent­ly fea­ture a beard­ed man whose t‑shirt is striped in sky blue. Neg­a­tive space, not Cray­ola, sup­plies the col­or here.

Think of it as street art in the sky.

Not every day can be a bril­liant azure, but it hard­ly mat­ters when even Lamadieu’s grayest views exhib­it a deter­mined play­ful­ness. It takes a very unique sort of eye to tease a pink nip­pled, stripe-limbed bun­ny from a steely UK sky.

Like many street artists, he takes a glob­al approach, trav­el­ing the world in search of giant unclaimed can­vas­es. His port­fo­lio con­tains vis­tas orig­i­nal­ly cap­tured in Hong Kong, South Korea, Ger­many, Spain, Aus­tria, Cana­da, Bel­gium, and the Unit­ed States, as well as his native France.

“The beard­ed man in my images stands for the sky itself,” he told The Inde­pen­dent, adding that his is a whol­ly sec­u­lar vision.

View a gallery of Lamadieu’s sky art here.

h/t to read­er Alan Gold­wass­er

Relat­ed Con­tent:

Google Puts Online 10,000 Works of Street Art from Across the Globe

The Cre­ativ­i­ty of Female Graf­fi­ti & Street Artists Will Be Cel­e­brat­ed in Street Hero­ines, a New Doc­u­men­tary

3D Street Art

Ayun Hal­l­i­day is an author, illus­tra­tor, and Chief Pri­ma­tol­o­gist of the East Vil­lage Inky zine. Fol­low her @AyunHalliday

Read More...

Quantcast