
As a novÂelÂist, George Orwell did not trafÂfic in subÂtleties, but then neiÂther did the authors of Medieval moralÂiÂty plays. The alleÂgorÂiÂcal AniÂmal Farm perÂforms a simÂiÂlar, if secÂuÂlar, funcÂtion, givÂing us unamÂbiguÂous vilÂlainy and clear didacÂtic intent. Orwell notÂed in his essay “Why I Write” that he meant the book to “fuse politÂiÂcal purÂpose and artisÂtic purÂpose into one whole.“ OrigÂiÂnalÂly pubÂlished with the subÂtiÂtle A Fairy StoÂry, the novÂel carÂiÂcaÂtures StalÂinÂism and the RussÂian RevÂoÂluÂtion, and Orwell left no mysÂtery as to his intent when he comÂmentÂed in the prefÂace to a 1947 UkrainÂian ediÂtion that he meant the book to “end on a loud note of disÂcord” meant to sigÂniÂfy what he saw as the instaÂbilÂiÂty of the Tehran ConÂferÂence.
LeadÂen stateÂments like these aside, Orwell swore he “did not wish to comÂment on the work,” writÂing, “if it does not speak for itself, it is a failÂure.” The book does indeed speak, in two parÂticÂuÂlar ways: its vividÂly grotesque charÂacÂterÂiÂzaÂtions of the humans and aniÂmals on the farm and its indeliÂble colÂlecÂtion of proÂpaÂganÂdisÂtic sloÂgans.
These are the feaÂtures best capÂtured by gonzo illusÂtraÂtor Ralph SteadÂman, famous for his colÂlabÂoÂraÂtions with Hunter S. ThompÂson. PubÂlished in 1995—with the Fairy StoÂry subÂtiÂtle restored—the SteadÂman-illusÂtratÂed 50th anniverÂsary ediÂtion realÂizes anothÂer preÂviÂous variÂaÂtion on the book’s title: AniÂmal Farm: A ConÂtemÂpoÂrary Satire.

These images draw out the exagÂgerÂatÂed absurÂdiÂties of the novÂel as only an artist with Steadman’s twistÂed, surÂreÂalÂist sense of visuÂal humor could. They are proÂfoundÂly effecÂtive, though there’s no telling what Orwell would have thought of them. Steadman’s carÂiÂcaÂtures uniÂverÂsalÂize the book’s draÂma, proÂvidÂing the kind of stock charÂacÂters we find in folkÂlore, “fairy stoÂries,” and reliÂgious alleÂgoÂry. But Orwell wrote that he wished us not to misÂtake his express politÂiÂcal intent: “It was of the utmost imporÂtance to me that peoÂple in WestÂern Europe should see the SoviÂet regime for what it realÂly was…. I have been conÂvinced that the destrucÂtion of the SoviÂet myth was essenÂtial if we wantÂed a revival of the SocialÂist moveÂment.”
SteadÂman, to his great credÂit, felt no need to litÂerÂalÂize Orwell’s statÂed intenÂtions in his illusÂtraÂtions, but rather took the book’s bizarre world on its own terms. You can read more quotes from Orwell’s earnest, intendÂed prefÂace for the book, restored in the SteadÂman ediÂtion, at Brain PickÂings, where you’ll also find a good numÂber of the illusÂtraÂtions as well. Copies of the book can be purÂchased on AmaÂzon.
SteadÂman not only applied his skill as a carÂiÂcaÂturÂist to Orwell’s ficÂtionÂal farm denizens, we should note, but also to the author himÂself. He made sevÂerÂal sketchÂes of Orwell, such as that below of the writer with a cage of rats around his neck. You can see sevÂerÂal more of Steadman’s drawÂings of Orwell at The Guardian.

RelatÂed ConÂtent:
BreakÂing Bad IllusÂtratÂed by Gonzo Artist Ralph SteadÂman
Josh Jones is a writer and musiÂcian based in Durham, NC. FolÂlow him at @jdmagness







