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The art of drawÂing is not the art of observÂing forms and objects alone, it is not mere mimÂicÂry of these objects; it is the art of knowÂing how far and whereÂin, and with what just limÂiÂtaÂtions, those forms and objects can be reproÂduced in a picÂture, or in a decÂoÂraÂtive work. — Eugène GrasÂset, 1896
FlowÂers loomed large in Art NouÂveau, from the volupÂtuous floÂral headÂpieces that crowned Alphonse Mucha’s female figÂures to the stained glass rosÂes favored by archiÂtect Charles RenÂnie MackÂinÂtosh.
GraphÂic designÂer Eugène GrasÂset’s 1897 book, Plants and Their AppliÂcaÂtion to OrnaÂment, vividÂly demonÂstrates the ways in which nature was disÂtilled into popÂuÂlar decÂoÂraÂtive motifs at the end of the 19th-cenÂtuÂry.
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TwenÂty-four flowÂerÂing plants were selectÂed for conÂsidÂerÂaÂtion, from humÂble specÂiÂmens like danÂdeÂlions and thisÂtle to such Art NouÂveau heavy hitÂters as popÂpies and irisÂes.
Each flower is repÂreÂsentÂed by a realÂisÂtic botanÂiÂcal study, with two addiÂtionÂal colÂor plates in which its form is flatÂtened out and mined for its decÂoÂraÂtive, stylÂisÂtic eleÂments.
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The plates were renÂdered by Grasset’s stuÂdents at the École GuĂ©rin, young artists whom he had “forÂbidÂden to conÂdeÂscend to the art of base and servile imiÂtaÂtion”:
The art of drawÂing is not the art of observÂing forms and objects alone, it is not mere mimÂicÂry of these objects; it is the art of knowÂing how far and whereÂin, and with what just limÂiÂtaÂtions, those forms and objects can be reproÂduced in a picÂture, or in a decÂoÂraÂtive work.
He also expectÂed stuÂdents to hone their powÂers of obserÂvaÂtion through intense study of the organÂic strucÂtures that would proÂvide their inspiÂraÂtion, becomÂing intiÂmateÂly acquaintÂed with the charÂacÂter of petal, leaf, and stem:
BeauÂtiÂful lines are the founÂdaÂtion of all beauÂty. In a work of art, whatÂevÂer it be, apparÂent or hidÂden symÂmeÂtry is the visÂiÂble or secret cause of the pleaÂsure we feel. EveryÂthing that is creÂatÂed must have some repÂeÂtiÂtion in its parts to be underÂstood, retained in the memÂoÂry, and perÂceived as a whole
When it came to adornÂing houseÂhold impleÂments such as vasÂes and plates, GrasÂset insistÂed that decÂoÂraÂtive eleÂments exist in harÂmoÂny with their hosts, snipÂing that any artist who would disÂtort form with ill conÂsidÂered flourÂishÂes should make a bas-relief instead.
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ThusÂly do chrysanÂtheÂmum stems proÂvide logÂiÂcal-lookÂing balÂlast for a chanÂdeÂlier, and a dandelion’s curved leaves hug the conÂtours of a table leg.
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GrasÂset’s best known stuÂdent, MauÂrice PilÂlard Verneuil, whose career spanned Art NouÂveau to Art Deco, absorbed and articÂuÂlatÂed the master’s teachÂings:
It is no longer the nature (artists) see that they repÂreÂsent, that they tranÂscribe, but the nature that they aspire to see; nature more perÂfect and more beauÂtiÂful and of which they have the inteÂriÂor vision.
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View Eugène Grasset’s Plants and Their AppliÂcaÂtion to OrnaÂment as part of the New York PubÂlic Library’s DigÂiÂtal ColÂlecÂtions here. Or find illusÂtraÂtions at RawÂPixÂel.
via The PubÂlic Domain Review
RelatÂed ConÂtent:
Ayun HalÂlÂiÂday is an author, illusÂtraÂtor, theÂater makÂer and Chief PriÂmaÂtolÂoÂgist of the East VilÂlage Inky zine. FolÂlow her @AyunHalliday.










