In the mid-17th cenÂtuÂry, young EngÂlishÂmen of means began to mark their comÂing of age with a “Grand Tour” across the ConÂtiÂnent and even beyond. This allowed them to take in the eleÂments of their civÂiÂlizaÂtionÂal herÂitage first-hand, espeÂcialÂly the artiÂfacts of clasÂsiÂcal antiqÂuiÂty and the RenaisÂsance. After comÂpletÂing his archiÂtecÂturÂal studÂies, a LonÂdonÂer named Owen Jones embarked upon his own Grand Tour in 1832, rather late in the hisÂtoÂry of the traÂdiÂtion, but ideÂal timÂing for the research that inspired the project that would become his legaÂcy.

AccordÂing to the VicÂtoÂria and Albert MuseÂum, Jones visÂitÂed “Italy, Greece, Egypt and Turkey before arrivÂing in GranaÂda, in Spain to carÂry out studÂies of the AlhamÂbra Palace that were to cement his repÂuÂtaÂtion.”
He and French archiÂtect Jules Goury, “the first to study the AlhamÂbra as a masÂterÂpiece of IslamÂic design,” proÂduced “hunÂdreds of drawÂings and plasÂter casts” of the hisÂtorÂiÂcal, culÂturÂal, and aesÂthetÂic palimpsest of a buildÂing comÂplex. The fruit of their labors was the book Plans, EleÂvaÂtions, SecÂtions and Details of the AlhamÂbra, “one of the most influÂenÂtial pubÂliÂcaÂtions on IslamÂic archiÂtecÂture of all time.”

PubÂlished in the 1840s, the book pushed the printÂing techÂnoloÂgies of the day to their limÂits. In search of a way to do jusÂtice to “the intriÂcate and brightÂly colÂored decÂoÂraÂtion of the AlhamÂbra Palace,” Jones had to put in more work researchÂing “the then new techÂnique of chroÂmolithÂoÂgÂraÂphy — a method of proÂducÂing mulÂti-colÂor prints using chemÂiÂcals.” In the folÂlowÂing decade, he would make even more ambiÂtious use of chroÂmolithÂoÂgÂraÂphy — and draw from a much wider swath of world culÂture — to creÂate his printÂed magÂnum opus, The GramÂmar of OrnaÂment.
With this book, Jones “set out to reacÂquaint his colÂleagues with the underÂlyÂing prinÂciÂples that made art beauÂtiÂful,” write MetÂroÂpolÂiÂtan MuseÂum of Art curaÂtor Femke SpeelÂberg and librarÂiÂan Robyn FlemÂing. “Instead of writÂing an acaÂdÂeÂmÂic treaÂtise on the subÂject, he chose to assemÂble a book of one hunÂdred plates illusÂtratÂing objects and patÂterns from around the world and across time, from which these prinÂciÂples could be disÂtilled.” To accomÂplish this he drew on his own travÂel expeÂriÂences as well as resources closÂer at hand, includÂing “the museÂoÂlogÂiÂcal and priÂvate colÂlecÂtions that were availÂable to him in EngÂland, and the objects that had been on disÂplay durÂing the UniÂverÂsal ExhiÂbiÂtions held in LonÂdon in 1851 and 1855.”

The GramÂmar of OrnaÂment was pubÂlished in 1856, emergÂing into a Britain “domÂiÂnatÂed by hisÂtorÂiÂcal revivals such as NeoÂclasÂsiÂcism and the GothÂic Revival,” says the V&A. “These design moveÂments were ridÂdled with reliÂgious and social conÂnoÂtaÂtions. Instead, Owen Jones sought a modÂern style with none of this culÂturÂal bagÂgage. SetÂting out to idenÂtiÂfy the comÂmon prinÂciÂples behind the best examÂples of hisÂtorÂiÂcal ornaÂment, he forÂmuÂlatÂed a design lanÂguage that was suitÂable for the modÂern world, one which could be applied equalÂly to wallÂpaÂpers, texÂtiles, furÂniÂture, metÂalÂwork and inteÂriÂors.”

Indeed, the patÂterns so lavÂishÂly reproÂduced in the book soon became trends in real-world design. They weren’t always employed with the intelÂlecÂtuÂal underÂstandÂing Jones sought to instill, but since The GramÂmar of OrnaÂment has nevÂer gone out of print (and can even be downÂloaded free from the InterÂnet Archive), his prinÂciÂples remain availÂable for all to learn — and his painstakÂingÂly artisÂtic printÂing work remains availÂable for all to admire — even in the corÂners of the world that lay beyond his imagÂiÂnaÂtion.
You can purÂchase a comÂplete and unabridged colÂor ediÂtion of The GramÂmar of OrnaÂment online.
RelatÂed ConÂtent:
The ComÂplex GeomÂeÂtry of IslamÂic Art & Design: A Short IntroÂducÂtion
A BeauÂtiÂful 1897 IllusÂtratÂed Book Shows How FlowÂers Become Art NouÂveau Designs
Based in Seoul, ColÂin MarÂshall writes and broadÂcasts on cities, lanÂguage, and culÂture. His projects include the SubÂstack newsletÂter Books on Cities, the book The StateÂless City: a Walk through 21st-CenÂtuÂry Los AngeÂles and the video series The City in CinÂeÂma. FolÂlow him on TwitÂter at @colinmarshall or on FaceÂbook.














